Use specific versions of Ubuntu and add GCC 14 C++23 workflow

[rmisev]

• Some versions of compilers are only available in specific versions of Ubuntu, for example g++-9 is only available in ubuntu-22.04.
• The libstdc++ provided with GCC 14 supports std::generator, which is used in the test in test-url_search_params.cpp. See: https://gcc.gnu.org/gcc-14/changes.html

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 99.86%. Comparing base (ac26f14) to head (0f3e22e).
Report is 3 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main      #73   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   99.86%   99.86%           
=======================================
  Files          14       14           
  Lines        2306     2306           
  Branches      383      383           
=======================================
  Hits         2303     2303           
  Misses          3        3           

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