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About

The aim of this repository is:

  • to release data sets on fees paid for Open Access journal articles and monographs by Universities and Research Society Funds under an Open Database License
  • to demonstrate how reporting on fee-based Open Access publishing can be made more transparent and reproducible across institutions.

At the moment this project provides the following cost data:

Publication Type Count Aggregated Sum (€) Contributing Institutions
Articles 228,591 455,759,641 440
Monographs 2,001 13,160,118 73

How to access the data?

There are several options. You may simply download the the raw data sets in CSV format, query our OLAP server or use our Treemap site for visual data exploration.

Dataset CSV File OLAP Cube Treemap
articles APC file, data schema APC cube APC treemap
monographs BPC file, data schema BPC cube BPC treemap

Our latest data release can always be accessed via the following DOI:

DOI

Additional Costs

In 2024 OpenAPC started to aggregate additional costs like page charges or submission fees, which may occur in the context of OA publishing aside from APCs. These cost types are considered optional and thus collected in a separate data file, they are linked to a main publication entry using the DOI as primary key. At the moment additional costs are only collected for journal articles.

Dataset Main CSV File Additional Costs File OLAP Cube Treemap
articles APC file APC additional costs APC_AC cube APC_AC Treemap

How to contribute?

Any academic institution or research funder paying for Article Process Charges (APCs) or Book Processing Charges (BPCs) can contribute to OpenAPC, no formal registration is required. This page (German version) explains the details. The following institutions have contributed to OpenAPC so far:

Institutions from Germany

Higher education institutions

Research institutes

Fraunhofer Society

Helmholtz Association

Leibniz Association

Max Planck Society

  • Max Planck Digital Library (The data content covers APCs as paid for by the central budget for the Max Planck Society (MPS). APCs funded locally by Max Planck Institutes are not part of the data. The MPS has a limited input tax reduction. The refund of input VAT for APC is 20%. Until the end of 2007 the MPS was VAT exempt.)

Other institutions

Institutions from Austria

Institutions from Switzerland

Institutions from Italy

Institutions from Norway

  • Akershus University Hospital
  • BI Norwegian Business School
  • Bergen University College
  • Fridtjof Nansen Institute
  • GenØk - Centre for Biosafety
  • Harstad University College
  • Innlandet Hospital Trust
  • Institute of Marine Research
  • Molde University College
  • Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center
  • Nord University
  • Norwegian Center for Studies on Violence and Traumatic Stress
  • Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research
  • Norwegian Institute for Air Research
  • Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
  • Norwegian Institute of Public Health
  • Norwegian Institute of Water Research
  • Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
  • Norwegian University of Life Sciences
  • Norwegian University of Science and Technology
  • Oslo University Hospital
  • Oslo and Akershus University College
  • SINTEF (Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research)
  • Sørlandet Hospital Trust
  • Uni Research
  • University College of Southeast Norway
  • University of Agder
  • University of Bergen
  • University of Oslo
  • University of Stavanger
  • University of Tromsø - The Arctic University of Norway
  • Vestfold Hospital Trust
  • Vestre Viken Hospital Trust

Institutions from Spain

Institutions from Sweden

Institutions from Finland

Institutions from France

  • ANSES - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail
  • ANSM - Agence Nationale de Sécurité des Médicaments et des produits de santé
  • AgroParisTech
  • Aix-Marseille Université
  • Avignon Université
  • CEA - Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives
  • CIRAD - Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement
  • CNAM - Conservatoire national des arts et métiers
  • CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique
  • CentraleSupélec
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens
  • Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes
  • EHESP - Ecole des hautes études en santé publique
  • ENAC - Ecole Nationale de l'Aviation Civile
  • ENGEES - Ecole nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg
  • ENS Lyon - Ecole normale supérieure de Lyon
  • ENS Paris - Ecole normale supérieure de Paris
  • ENSICAEN - Ecole nationale supérieure de Caen
  • ENSTA Bretagne - Ecole nationale supérieure de techniques avancées - Bretagne
  • ESPCI - Ecole supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles
  • ESRF - European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
  • EURECOM
  • Ecole centrale de Lyon
  • Ecole polytechnique
  • EnvA - Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort
  • French institutions
  • HCL - Hospices civils de Lyon
  • IFREMER - Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer
  • IFSTTAR - Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l’aménagement et des Réseaux
  • ILL - Institut Laue-Langevin
  • IMT Atlantique Bretagne - Pays de la Loire
  • IMT Mines Alès
  • INRA - Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique
  • INRAE - Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement
  • INRIA - Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique
  • INSA Lyon - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon
  • INSA Strasbourg - Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Strasbourg
  • INSERM - Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale
  • IRD - Institut de Recherche pour le Développement
  • IRSN - Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire
  • IRSTEA - Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies pour l'Environnement et l'Agriculture
  • ISARA - Institut Supérieur d'Agriculture et d'Agroalimentaire Rhône-Alpes
  • Institut Pasteur
  • LNE - Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais
  • La Rochelle Université
  • Le Mans Université
  • MNHN - Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle
  • Mines Paris - Ecole nationale supérieure des Mines de Paris
  • Nantes Université
  • ONERA - Office National d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales - The French Aerospace Lab
  • Sciences Po Paris - Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris
  • Sorbonne Université
  • Toulouse INP - Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse
  • Université Bordeaux Montaigne
  • Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I
  • Université Clermont Auvergne
  • Université Côte d'Azur - UniCA
  • Université Grenoble Alpes
  • Université Gustave Eiffel
  • Université Jean Moulin - Lyon III
  • Université Le Havre Normandie
  • Université Lumière - Lyon II
  • Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I
  • Université Paris Cité
  • Université Paris Descartes - Paris V
  • Université Paris Diderot - Paris VII
  • Université Paris-Dauphine - Paris IX
  • Université Paris-Est Créteil Val de Marne - Paris XII
  • Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée
  • Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI
  • Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France
  • Université Savoie Mont Blanc
  • Université Sorbonne Nouvelle - Paris III - USN
  • Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès
  • Université Toulouse III
  • Université Vincennes-Saint Denis - Paris VIII
  • Université d'Angers
  • Université d'Evry-Val-d'Essonne
  • Université d'Orléans
  • Université de Bordeaux
  • Université de Bourgogne
  • Université de Bretagne Occidentale - UBO
  • Université de Bretagne Sud - UBS
  • Université de Caen Normandie
  • Université de Franche-Comté
  • Université de Haute-Alsace
  • Université de La Réunion
  • Université de Lille
  • Université de Lille I Sciences et technologies
  • Université de Lille II Droit et Santé
  • Université de Limoges
  • Université de Lorraine
  • Université de Montpellier
  • Université de Nîmes
  • Université de Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense - Paris X
  • Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour - UPPA
  • Université de Perpignan Via Domitia
  • Université de Picardie Jules Verne
  • Université de Poitiers
  • Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne
  • Université de Rennes
  • Université de Rennes II Haute-Bretagne
  • Université de Strasbourg
  • Université de Technologie de Compiègne
  • Université de Toulon
  • Université de Tours
  • Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines
  • Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie
  • Université de technologie de Troyes
  • Université des Antilles
  • Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale

Institutions from the United Kingdom

Institutions from the Czech Republic

Institutions from Hungary

Institutions from Serbia

Institutions from Belgium

Institutions from the United States

Institutions from Canada

Institutions from Qatar

Institutions from Malawi

  • Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Clinical Research-Programme

Institutions from Thailand

  • Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit

Institutions from Vietnam

  • Oxford University Clinical Research Unit

Institutions from Greece

Institutions from the Netherlands

Institutions from Liechtenstein

Institutions from Ireland

Data sets

Note: The following numbers and plots are always based on the latest revision of the OpenAPC data set. The underlying code can be found in the associated R Markdown template.

Articles (APCs)

The article data set contains information on 228,591 open access journal articles being published in fully and hybrid open access journal. Publication fees for these articles were supported financially by 440 research performing institutions and research funders.

In total, article publication fee spending covered by the OpenAPC initiative amounted to € 455,759,641. The average payment was € 1,994 and the median was € 1,844.

166,634 articles in the data set were published in fully open access journals. Total spending on publication fees for these articles amounts to € 298,561,210, including value-added tax; the average payment was € 1,792 (median = € 1,690, SD = € 851).

Hybrid open access journals rely on both publication fees and subscriptions as revenue source. 61,957 articles in the data set were published in hybrid journals. Total expenditure amounts to 157,198,431 €; the average fee was € 2,537 (median = € 2,499, SD = € 1,082).

Spending distribution over fully and hybrid open access journals

Spending distribution details

period OA articles OA mean OA median OA min - max Hybrid Articles Hybrid mean Hybrid median Hybrid min - max
2005 7 858 871 480.0 - 1,350 1 2,983 2,983 2,983.3 - 2,983
2006 52 1,021 1,095 665.0 - 1,340 NA NA NA NA
2007 88 1,081 1,062 870.0 - 1,825 NA NA NA NA
2008 205 1,170 1,025 440.8 - 2,830 1 2,660 2,660 2,660.0 - 2,660
2009 359 1,185 1,060 124.6 - 4,386 NA NA NA NA
2010 401 1,261 1,139 158.8 - 7,419 3 2,318 2,173 2,152.0 - 2,630
2011 777 1,158 1,127 104.8 - 4,666 6 1,781 2,085 552.0 - 2,631
2012 1,577 1,173 1,175 69.0 - 4,498 20 2,308 2,412 997.4 - 2,700
2013 2,473 1,229 1,178 50.0 - 4,574 1,098 2,257 2,260 120.2 - 4,679
2014 5,190 1,375 1,255 40.0 - 9,028 6,523 2,238 2,200 132.3 - 6,000
2015 8,477 1,523 1,451 59.0 - 5,669 6,693 2,609 2,621 126.6 - 8,636
2016 9,844 1,637 1,531 62.5 - 5,985 7,893 2,551 2,514 2.3 - 9,079
2017 14,972 1,701 1,553 8.7 - 14,634 10,642 2,528 2,469 36.9 - 9,858
2018 16,245 1,701 1,583 13.0 - 8,926 9,475 2,551 2,539 1.8 - 9,073
2019 17,533 1,703 1,630 10.7 - 7,684 7,061 2,535 2,498 75.3 - 9,500
2020 21,242 1,717 1,683 0.2 - 8,906 4,474 2,494 2,533 16.6 - 7,416
2021 25,986 1,823 1,791 27.0 - 8,341 3,483 2,549 2,506 30.2 - 11,400
2022 28,599 2,101 1,999 12.4 - 11,175 2,918 2,860 2,727 2.1 - 14,607
2023 11,656 2,240 2,139 17.4 - 9,893 1,489 2,957 2,758 106.4 - 11,895
2024 951 2,432 2,389 179.0 - 7,723 177 3,885 3,306 231.3 - 12,554

Additional Costs for articles

In addition to APCs, additional costs have been reported for 335 articles, totalling € 199,715. The following table shows an overview of the different cost types:

Cost Type Number of Articles Total Sum (€)
colour charge 48 65,897
cover charge 8 10,162
other 146 16,584
page charge 109 104,803
payment fee 12 713
reprint 2 843
submission fee 10 713

This plot shows the cost distribution grouped by publishers. It includes only articles where additional reports have been reported and summarizes both additional costs and APCs for all of them:

Books (BPCs)

The book data set contains information on 2,001 open access books. Publication fees were supported financially by 73 research performing institutions and funders.

In total, book processing charges covered by the OpenAPC initiative amounted to € 13,160,118. The average payment was € 6,577 and the median was € 6,855.

Books can be made Open Access right from the beginning ("frontlist") or only retroactively after having been published traditionally in the first place ("backlist"), which can have a big influence on the paid BPCs.

Spending distribution over frontlist and backlist OA books

Spending distribution details

period Frontlist books mean BPC median BPC BPC min - max Backlist books mean BPC median BPC BPC min - max
2014 62 15,043 16,000 1,663 - 20,000 NA NA NA NA
2015 44 14,676 14,000 8,000 - 20,000 NA NA NA NA
2016 42 12,449 14,000 1,190 - 22,000 NA NA NA NA
2017 184 9,250 8,780 1,075 - 21,000 195 1,981 1,981 1,981 - 1,981
2018 149 8,925 8,250 476 - 21,104 191 1,875 1,875 1,875 - 1,875
2019 173 7,794 8,250 774 - 22,000 194 1,876 1,875 1,875 - 1,981
2020 165 7,469 7,380 802 - 19,200 2 1,235 1,235 595 - 1,875
2021 174 6,974 6,561 595 - 18,000 NA NA NA NA
2022 218 7,617 6,902 1,000 - 50,000 1 3,467 3,467 3,467 - 3,467
2023 190 7,280 6,789 265 - 22,000 7 1,693 1,464 280 - 3,350
2024 10 6,305 6,283 1,300 - 10,710 NA NA NA NA

Use of external sources

Metadata representing publication titles or publisher names is obtained from Crossref in order to avoid extensive validation of records. Cases where we don't re-use information from Crossref to disambiguate the spending metadata are documented here. Moreover, indexing coverage in Europe PMC and the Web of science is automatically checked.

Articles

Source Variable Description
CrossRef publisher Title of Publisher
CrossRef journal_full_title Full title of the journal
CrossRef issn International Standard Serial Numbers (collapsed)
CrossRef issn_print ISSN print
CrossRef issn_electronic ISSN electronic
CrossRef license_ref License of the article
CrossRef indexed_in_crossref Is the article metadata registered with CrossRef? (logical)
EuropePMC pmid PubMed ID
EuropePMC pmcid PubMed Central ID
Web of Science ut Web of Science record ID
DOAJ doaj Is the journal indexed in the DOAJ? (logical)

Books

Source Variable Description
CrossRef publisher Title of Publisher
CrossRef book_title Full Title of a Book
CrossRef isbn International Standard Book Number
CrossRef isbn_print ISBN print
CrossRef isbn_electronic ISBN electronic
CrossRef license_ref License of the article
CrossRef indexed_in_crossref Is the article metadata registered with CrossRef? (logical)
DOAB doab Is the book indexed in the DOAB? (logical)

Indexing coverage

Identifier Coverage (articles) Coverage (Books)
DOI 99.75% 87.76%
PubMed ID 73.76% NA
PubMed Central ID 68.29% NA
Web of Science record ID 72.09% NA

License

The data sets are made available under the Open Database License: http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/. Any rights in individual contents of the database are licensed under the Database Contents License: http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/dbcl/1.0/

This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported License.

How to cite?

When citing this data set, please indicate the release you are referring to. The releases also contain information on contributors relating to the respective release.

Please do not cite the master branch of the Github repository (https://github.com/OpenAPC/openapc-de/tree/master/), but use the release numbers/tags.

Bielefeld University Library archives a copy (including commit history). To cite:

{Contributors:} Datasets on fee-based Open Access publishing across German Institutions. Bielefeld University. 10.4119/UNIBI/UB.2014.18

Acknowledgement

This project was set up in collaboration with the DINI working group Electronic Publishing. It follows Wellcome Trust example to share data on paid APCs and recognises efforts from JISC and the ESAC initative to standardise APC reporting.

Contributors

Jens Harald Aasheim, Sarah Abusaada, Benjamin Ahlborn, Chelsea Ambler, Magdalena Andrae, Jochen Apel, Karina Barros Ferradás, Myriam Bastin, Hans-Georg Becker, Roland Bertelmann, Daniel Beucke, Manuela Bielow, Jochen Bihn, Peter Blume, Ute Blumtritt, Sabine Boccalini, Stefanie Bollin, Katrin Bosselmann, Valentina Bozzato, Kim Braun, Christoph Broschinski, Paolo Buoso, Cliff Buschhart, Dorothea Busjahn, Pablo de Castro, Ann-Kathrin Christann, Roberto Cozatl, Micaela Crespo Quesada, Amanda Cullin, Patrick Danowski, Gernot Deinzer, Julia Dickel, Andrea Dorner, Stefan Drößler, Karin Eckert, Carsten Elsner, Clemens Engelhardt, Olli Eskola, Katrin Falkenstein-Feldhoff, Ashley Farley, Inken Feldsien-Sudhaus, Silke Frank, Fabian Franke, Claudia Frick, Marléne Friedrich, Paola Galimberti, Agnes Geißelmann, Kai Karin Geschuhn, Silvia Giannini, Marianna Gnoato, Larissa Gordon, Paul Gredler, Steffi Grimm, Ute Grimmel-Holzwarth, Evgenia Grishina, Christian Gutknecht, Birgit Hablizel, Florian Hagen, Uli Hahn, Kristina Hanig, Margit L. Hartung, Dominik Hell, Christina Hemme, Eike Hentschel, Ulrich Herb, Stephanie Herzog, Elfi Hesse, Silke Hillmann, Kathrin Höhner, Dana Horch, Conrad Hübler, Christie Hurrell, Arto Ikonen, Simon Inselmann, Doris Jaeger, Najko Jahn, Alexandra Jobmann, Daniela Jost, Tiina Jounio, Juho Jussila, Nadja Kalinna, Mirjam Kant, Kerstin Klein, Andreas Kennecke, Robert Kiley, Ilka Kleinod, Lydia Koglin, Nives Korrodi, Biljana Kosanovic, Stephanie Kroiß, Gerrit Kuehle, Stefanie Kutz, Marjo Kuusela, Anna Laakkonen, Ignasi Labastida i Juan, Gerald Langhanke, Inga Larres, Sarah Last, Stuart Lawson, Anne Lehto, Sari Leppänen, Camilla Lindelöw, Maria Löffler, Jutta Lotz, Kathrin Lucht-Roussel, Susanne Luger, Ute von Lüpke, Jan Lüth, Frank Lützenkirchen, Steffen Malo, Anna Marini, Manuel Moch, Vlatko Momirovski, Andrea Moritz, Max Mosterd, Marcel Nieme, Anja Oberländer, Martina Obst, Jere Odell, Linda Ohrtmann, Vitali Peil, Gabriele Pendorf, Mikko Pennanen, Dirk Pieper, Tobias Pohlmann, Thomas Porquet, Markus Putnings, Andrée Rathemacher, Rainer Rees-Mertins, Edith Reschke, Ulrike Richter, Katharina Rieck, Friedrich Riedel, Simone Rosenkranz, Florian Ruckelshausen, Steffen Rudolph, Ilka Rudolf, Pavla Rygelová, Lea Satzinger, Annette Scheiner, Isabo Schick, Michael Schlachter, Birgit Schlegel, Andreas Schmid, Barbara Schmidt, Katharina Schulz, Stefanie Seeh, Barbara Senkbeil-Stoffels, Adriana Sikora, Tereza Simandlová, Stefanie Söhnitz, Jana Sonnenstuhl, Lisa Spindler, Susanne Stemmler, Matti Stöhr, Eva Stopková, Marius Stricker, Andrea Stühn, Kálmán Szőke, Linda Thomas, Anne Timm, Laura Tobler, Johanna Tönsing, Marco Tullney, Milan Vasiljevic, Astrid Vieler, Lena Vinnemann, Viola Voß, Christin Wacke, Roland Wagner, Agnieszka Wenninger, Kerstin Werth, Martin Wimmer, Marco Winkler, Sabine Witt, Michael Wohlgemuth, Verena Wohlleben, Qingbo Xu, Philip Young, Esther Zaugg, Miriam Zeunert, Philipp Zumstein

Contact

For bugs, feature requests and other issues, please submit an issue via Github.

For general comments, email openapc at uni-bielefeld.de

Disclaimer

People, who are looking for "Open Advanced Process Control Software" for automation, visualization and process control tasks from home control up to industrial automation, please follow http://www.openapc.com (2015-09-30)

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Collect and disseminate information on fee-based Open Access publishing

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