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+# Activities - Abacus
+## Table Of Contents
+1. [About](#ABOUT-ABACUS)
+2. [Using Abacus](#USING-ABACUS)
+3. [Toolbars](#TOOLBARS)
+4. [Learning With Abacus](#LEARNING-ABACUS)
+5. [Extending Abacus](#EXTENDING-ABACUS)
+6. [Reporting Problems](#REPORTING-PROBLEMS)
+
+## Abacus
+### About
+
+![Abacus Main Page](../assets/AbacusMain.png)
+
+Abacus lets the learner explore different representations of numbers using different mechanical counting systems developed by the ancient Romans and Chinese. There are several different variants available for exploration: a suanpan, the traditional Chinese abacus with 2 beads on top and 5 beads below; a soroban, the traditional Japanese abacus with 1 bead on top and 4 beads below; the schety, the traditional Russian abacus, with 10 beads per column, with the exception of one column with just 4 beads used for counting in fourths; and the nepohualtzintzin, a Mayan abacus, 3 beads on top and 4 beads below (base 20). There is also a binary abacus, a hexadecimal abacus, and several abacuses that lets you calculate with common fractions: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/8, 1/9, 1/10, and 1/12. And there is a customization toolbar that lets you design your own abacus. The Incan abacus (Yupana) as a standalone program.
+
+### Using Abacus
+__Clearing The Abacus__
+
+Before you start an arithmetic operation, you need to “clear” the abacus. The upper beads should be positioned against the top of the frame and the lower beads should be positioned against the bottom of the frame. This is the default position for the abacus when you launch the activity.
+
+Note that some of the abacuses (e.g., the schety) do not have any upper beads. In such cases, all of the beads should start in the down position. Also note that the Clear Button on the main toolbar will also clear the abacus for you.
+
+__Reading The Abacus__
+
+In each column, the bottom beads represent 1s and the top beads represent 5s. (The exception is the column in the schety with only 4 beads. These are 1/4 each.) So for each bead you raise up from the bottom in a column add 1 and for each bead you lower from the top in the same column, add 5.
+
+The columns themselves represent decimal positions from right to left, e.g., 1s, 10s, 100s, 1000s, etc. (There are some exceptions: (1) the nepohualtzintzin uses base 20, e.g., 1s, 20s, 400s, 8000s, etc.; (2) on the schety, the beads to the right of the column with just four beads are 0.1s, 0.01s, 0.001s, and 0.0001s; the black beads on the Caacupé abacus are fractions; and the custom abacus lets you choose whatever (integer) base you want.)
+
+The current value is always displayed on the frame. Experiment and you will quickly learn to write and read numbers.
+
+Examples: In the gallery below, several simple examples are shown. In the gallery of images above, the number 54321 is shown on each of the different abaci.
+
+![Displaying 54321 In Abacus 1](../assets/AbacusReading1.png)
+
+From left to right,
+ * 1 bottom bead is up, corresponding to 1 unit
+ * 1 top bead is down, corresponding to 5 units
+ * 5 bottom beads are up, also corresponding to 5 units
+ * 1 bottom bead is up and 1 top bead is down, corresponding to 6 units
+
+Note: The display always assumes a fixed unit column, but you can override this choice.
+
+__Addition__
+
+To add, simply move in more beads to represent the number you are adding. There are two rules to follow: (1) whenever you have a total of 5 units or more on the bottom of a column, cancel out the 5 by sliding the beads back down and add a five to to the top; and (2) whenever you have a total of 10 units or more in a column, cancel out the 10 and add one unit to the column immediately to the left. (With the nepohualtzintzin, you work with 20 rather than 10.)
+
+__Subtraction__
+
+Subtraction is the inverse of addition. Move out beads that correspond to the number you are subtracting. You can “borrow” from the column immediately to the left: subtracting one unit and adding 10 to the current column.
+
+__Multiplication__
+
+There are several strategies for doing multiplication on an abacus. In the method used in the example below, the multiplier is stored on the far left of the abacus and the multiplicand is offset to the left by the number of digits in the multiplier. The red indicator is used to help keep track of where we are in the process.
+
+__Division__
+
+Simple division (by a single-digit number) is the inverse of multiplication. In the example below, the dividend is put on the left (leaving one column vacant for the quotient) and the divisor on the right.
+
+__Fractions__
+
+The fraction abacus lets you add and subtract common fractions: 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, 1/5, 1/6, 1/8, 1/9, 1/10, and 1/12, The fractional value is determined by the number of black beads on a rod, e.g., to work with thirds, use the rod with three beads, to work with fifths, use the rod with five beads.
+
+The rods with white beads are whole numbers in base 10; from left to right 100000, 10000, 1000, 100, 10, and 1.
+
+### Toolbars
+
+![Main Toolbar](../assets/AbacusToolbar1.png)
+
+From left to right:
+ * __project-toolbar button__: see below
+ * __edit-toolbar button__: see below
+ * __abacus-toolbar button__: see below
+ * __customization-toolbar button__
+ * __clear button__: clear the abacus
+ * __stop button__: exit the activity
+
+![Copy/Paste Toolbar](../assets/AbacusToolbar2.png)
+
+From left to right:
+ * __Copy__: copy current value to clipboard
+ * __Paste__: paste a value from the clipboard into the abacus
+
+![Mode Toolbar](../assets/AbacusToolbar3.png)
+
+From left to right:
+ * __Decimal button__: decimal abacus
+ * __Soroban button__: Japanese abacus
+ * __Saupan button__: Chinese abacus
+ * __Nepohualtzintzin button__: Mayan abacus
+ * __Hexadecimal button__: hexadecimal abacus
+ * __Binary button__: binary abacus
+ * __Schety button__: Russian abacus
+ * __Fraction button__: fraction abacus
+ * __Caacupe button__: fraction abacus with +/–
+ * __Rod button__: Cuisenaire-like abacus
+ * __Custom button__: your custom abacus
+
+![Settings Toolbar](../assets/AbacusToolbar4.png)
+
+From left to right:
+ * __rods__: select the number of rods:
+ * __top beads__: select the number of beads on the top of the frame
+ * __bottom__: select the number of beads on the bottom of the frame
+ * __factor__: select the multiplication factor of top beads (e.g., on the Chinese abacus, each top bead counts as 5× the value of a bottom bead on the same rod)
+ * __base__: select the base to determine the value of bottom beads across rods; this is 10 on most conventional abacuses, but 20 on the Mayan abacus, 16 on the hexadecimal abacus, and 2 on the binary abacus.
+ * __create__: you must push this button to activate the selections you’ve made
+
+### Learning With Abacus
+Some lesson plans for using Abacus are found [here](http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Abacus/Worksheet).
+
+Using beads or pebbles, you can make an abacus. What is the difference between the abacus on the computer and a physical abacus?
+
+It is possible to create a custom abacus. I often use the example of Sumerian mathematics: the Sumerians counted on the digital bones (phalanges) of their fingers, so the base of their counting system was 12. All of the 12s (and 60s) we have in our mathemateics, e.g., 12 hours, 60 seconds, etc. have their roots in Sumerian math. But the Sumerians never invented an abacus. What would a Sumerian abacus look like?
+
+### Extending Abacus
+ * A fun project is to compare calculations using Abacus with the Calculate Activity. Which is faster? Which is more accurate? Which is better for estimating? Which is better for comparing?
+ * Abacus supports paste, so you can take numeric values from other programs and paste them into the abacus to see what their representations are; for example, I often paste numbers into the hexadecimal abacus as a quick way of converting decimal to hexidecimal.
+ * Abacus also supports copy, so you can take a sum calculated on an abacus and export it into SimpleGraph or some other data-visualization Activities.
+ * A fun collaborative mode might be to have a number randomly selected and each sharer work independently to post it on the abacus of their choice first. There could be a tally of beads awarded for each correct answer.
+
+### Reporting Problems
+If you discover a bug in the program or have a suggestion for an enhancement, please file a ticket in our bug-tracking system.
+You can view the open tickets [here](https://bugs.sugarlabs.org/query?status=accepted&status=assigned&status=new&status=reopened&component=Abacus).
+
+The wiki page is [here](http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Activities/Abacus).
diff --git a/help/Activities/Browse.md b/help/Activities/Browse.md
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+# Activities - Browse
+## Table Of Contents
+1. [About](#ABOUT)
+2. [Using Browse](#USING-BROWSE)
+3. [Learning With Browse](#LEARNING-BROWSE)
+4. [Extending Browse](#EXTENDING-BROWSE)
+5. [Reporting Problems](#REPORTING-PROBLEMS)
+
+## Browse
+### About
+The Browse activity is your means to explore a wider source of information and content that can be found in what’s called the World Wide Web (Internet or Web for short). Although there are some built-in information included on this activity (OLPC Library), to make the most of this activity you need an internet connection. Please see the chapter on “Neighborhood View and Connecting to the Internet”.
+
+The first thing that you will see when you first click on the Browse icon from the Home View is what’s called the Home page.
+
+![Browse Homepage](../assets/BrowseHome.png)
+
+### Using Browse
+
+![Browse Main Toolbar](../assets/BrowseToolbarMain.png)
+
+1. Activity Tool
+2. Text/Edit Tool
+3. View Tool
+4. Home
+5. Address Bar (URL)
+6. Refresh/Reload
+7. Navigation Arrows (Back & Forward)
+8. Bookmark
+9. Stop
+10. Window tab
+
+(Note: To see the name of the tool/button, you can put your mouse arrow on top of its picture)
+
+__Activity Tool__
+
+![Browse Activity Toolbar](../assets/BrowseToolbarActivity.png)
+
+__Browse Journal Entry Name__ - This will serve as the name of the Journal entry. Change this to something distinctive especially when you have multiple window tabs opened that’s related to one particular topic.
+
+__Browse Description Bar__ - This will serve as the Browse activity description in the Journal.
+
+__Privacy Tool__ - Use this to change the privacy setting of the current Browse activity. The default is set to Private.
+
+__Text Finder and Edit Tool__
+
+![Browse Text Toolbar](../assets/BrowseToolbarText.png)
+
+__Undo__ - The Browse activity remembers the last change that you’ve made on the page. Use this button to step back to the last change that you made.
+
+__Redo__ - Use this button to go back to the current changes that you made after doing an “Undo”.
+
+__Copy__ - This is used to copy a text or passage from the current page you are viewing. To do this, you need to first highlight (left-click while dragging your mouse arrow) the text. You know you’ve highlighted a text when its background color turned grey. Then, press this tool to copy it to the clipboard. A small image on the left hand side of the frame will appear. This “holds” the text you just copied. You can now “paste” this text or just simply click and drag it to other activities. The copied text will disappear once the XO is restarted or shutdown.
+
+__Paste__ - This tool is for pasting texts from other activities into the current page that you are viewing. You can only paste texts on areas of the page where pasting is allowed. It will remember this text until the XO is restarted or shutdown.
+
+__Text Search Bar__ -This tool is great to use when you need to quickly find a text on a current page you’re viewing. Press the enter key to go down the page. The text that you are looking for would be highlighted in green. Press the little “x” symbol on the right of the bar to erase the text.
+
+__Text Search Navigation Arrows__ - While you can press the Enter key to search down the page, these arrows are useful to search the page. Use the left arrow to go back up the page and the right arrow to go down the page.
+
+__View Tool__
+
+![Browse View Toolbar](../assets/BrowseToolbarView.png)
+
+__Zoom Out__ - When you want to see more of the page, use this tool to make it smaller.
+
+__Zoom In__ - When you want to see things better, use this tool to make the page bigger.
+
+__Full Screen__ - You can press this to see the entire page without the toolbar.
+
+__Tray Toggle button__ - This tool only works when you have things on the tray (the space on the bottom of the Browse page) like pages that you have bookmarked (Please see bookmark description). Use this tool to make the tray visible or invisible. Browse remembers your bookmarked pages even when the tray is not visible. Just simply make it visible again to see those bookmarks.
+
+__Home Icon__
+
+Clicking this takes you back to the Home Page. Useful when you’re lost and need a starting point.
+
+__Address Bar__
+
+Each page on the internet has its own address. The address bar shows you the current web address of the page you are viewing. If you know the web address of a page, you can type it on this bar and press the enter key to navigate to that page.
+
+__Bookmark__
+
+Sometimes it is useful to remember the pages that you visited. Clicking this icon will save the web address of the current page you are viewing. A small thumbnail image of this page will appear on the bottom(tray). Bookmarks are saved only on the current Browse activity. They will not show up when you open a new Browse activity.
+
+__Stop Activity Tool__
+
+Closes the current Browse activity.
+
+__OLPC Library__
+
+The Browse activity has built in books, information and pages that you can access even without a connection to the internet. Click on any of the texts to see what you can find. Have fun exploring!
+
+__Copying Images From The Web__
+
+Note: Every time you create something whether it’s a poem, a book or a nice picture, you own those works. The internet is filled with information and works that result from hard work and creativity of other people. Some owners of those work like to share them freely, but others don’t or require that you give them the credit. Sometimes this information can be found on the page you are viewing. When in doubt make sure to make a note in your documentation on where you found the information. A great page for further reading [here](http://www.copyrightkids.org/)
+To copy an image, point your mouse arrow on the picture and right-click on it (press the button on the bottom of your track pad that has a circle on it). A box similar to the picture shown above will appear with information on the source or web address of the picture along with the file name of the picture. There are two ways to copy an image:
+
+__Keep Image__ - this will put a copy of the image to the Journal.
+
+__Copy Image__ - this will place a copy of the image to the clipboard, which you can then drag and drop to another activity. This copy is temporary and will disappear from the clipboard when you shutdown the XO. So if you need to save the image, it is best to do a “Keep Image” instead.
+
+### Learning With Browse
+Browse gives access to the internet which is a powerful information and communication tool and allows students to participate in the global community and experience. There are so many things on the web that you can use and incorporate in your classroom, but one of the many great ways to start is to help students make sense of where they are in relation to this global context. How far are they from the earthquake’s epicenter that rocked Japan? Where is their country’s capital? How big is their country compared to others? Where are the historical places in their country and the world that shaped human history and culture? One of the many great tools on the web that can be readily and freely accessed is Google maps (type this on the address bar): http://maps.google.com/
+
+![Google Maps On Browse](../assets/BrowseLearning.png)
+
+If you live in an area that is adequately mapped by Google Maps, you can ask students to use the “Get directions” tool on the page to see how they can go from one place to another. The directions tool can also teach students a sense of distance by showing how far two places are from each other. Example, how far do they travel every day for school (Given that sense of distance, how far and how long will it take to get to the nearest city or town)?
+
+### Extending Browse
+There’s a built in Google search bar on the home page of Browse that you can direct students to aid in their research. Help them narrow or expand their search texts to come up with better search results.
+
+To allow students to be active participants in the global community, communication tools can be freely and readily accessed via Browse: from creating free e-mail accounts to tools that allow people to create their own internet sites and pages.
+
+But like with any type of exploration, you have to start with caution. Not all information on the internet is good. Start with educating kids to safely use and explore the internet. You can check out sites like [this](http://www.wiredkids.org/kids/index.html) for more information.
+
+### Reporting Problems
+In [http://bugs.sugarlabs.org](http://bugs.sugarlabs.org), component Browse.
+
+Browse was developed and maintained by: Lucian, Sascha Silbe, erikos, manuq
+
+Browse can be downloaded from the [Sugar Labs Activities repository](http://activities.sugarlabs.org/).
diff --git a/help/Glossary.md b/help/Glossary.md
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+# Glossary
+
+### Activity
+Sugar education software module. In other contexts these might be called programs, but we prefer to emphasize what the students can do with them, not where they came from.
+
+### Definition
+An association between a name which may mean nothing by itself and a description intended to convey an important idea. Frequently we need a different kind of association between names and ideas, such as pictures, animations, or actual experience. The most important purpose of definitions is to explain what the thing named does; another is to describe its uses, or as we often say its purposes; a third is to describe the appearance of something, so that we can recognize it when we see it; a fourth is to enable us to talk about the thing conveniently with those who already have some idea of it. Usually the order of importance of these purposes is entirely misunderstood.
+
+### Favorite
+Activity that shows in the Home view icon ring. A user can mark an Activity as a Favorite in the List view by clicking the star outline next to the Activity name.
+
+### Frame
+Popup rectangular border in Sugar showing View icons and active Activities on the top; friend icons on the right; hardware icons on the bottom; and icons for open documents on the left. The frame is activated by putting the mouse cursor into a corner of the screen, or optionally the side (see My Settings), or by pressing the Frame button on the top right of an XO keyboard. Moving the mouse cursor away from the activation area or pressing the Frame button while the Frame is active dismisses the Frame.
+
+### Group View
+View showing colored XO icons of the user’s friends who are connected, and grayed-out icons for those who are not.
+
+### Home View
+View showing XO icon, an icon for the current Activity (or journal if no Activity has been started), and a ring or other arrangement of available Activity icons.
+
+### Hover Menu
+A menu that pops up when the mouse cursor is held over an icon for one second, and expands further after one more second. A feature that many users cannot discover without being told about it.
+
+### Index
+Synonym for Glossary.
+
+### Journal
+A browser for saved software sessions and documents, allowing sorting, searching, and access to metadata.
+
+### Menu Bar
+A rectangular area at the top of the screen containing text labels or icons, where clicking with the mouse results in the appearance of a drop-down menu containing further labels or icons for Activity functions available to the user.
+
+### Metadata
+Information about a file, such as file type, software used to create it, description, tags, a screen shot, date and time, and more. The Journal maintains metadata about saved documents and software sessions.
+
+### Neighborhood view
+View showing wireless mesh and access points, connected XOs, and shared Activities.
+
+### OS
+Operating System. This describes the Software that runs on your XO laptop.
+
+### School Server (XS)
+A computer designed by OLPC for use in schools to hold student backups and content, and to provide school administration server software such as Moodle.
+
+### Sugar
+Education software for the One Laptop Per Child project, designed to run on the XO and on other computers running the Linux operating system.
+
+### Toolbar
+A rectangular area of the screen, usually at the top, containing icons representing Activity functions available to the user.
diff --git a/help/Network.md b/help/Network.md
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+# Network
+
+## Table Of Contents
+1. [Give Me The Internet](#GIVE-ME-INTERNET)
+ 1. [Before Connecting](#BEFORE-CONNECTING)
+ 2. [Connecting](#CONNECTING)
+ 3. [Checking Access Points (AP)](#CHECKING-AP)
+ 4. [Mesh Or AP](#MESH-OR-AP)
+2. [Getting Connected](#GETTING-CONNECTED)
+ 1. [Connecting Through AP](#CONNECTING-AP)
+ 2. [Note To Parents And Teachers](#CONNECTING-PARENTS)
+3. [Troubleshooting Connectivity](#TROUBLESHOOTING)
+ 1. [Common Connectivity Problems And Solution](#COMMON-PROBLEMS)
+
+## Give Me The Internet
+The designers of the XO laptop designed it for primarily wireless access, so it can work well in developing nations, where it is faster and less expensive to introduce wireless connections than wired ones.
+
+XOs are designed to connect to other XOs using a mesh network. A mesh network allows nearby XO laptops to talk to one another directly (wirelessly) without the need for a traditional Internet Service Provider (ISP).
+
+The XO also supports wireless connections for direct Internet connection. Collaboration with others on Activities does not require an Internet connection.
+
+There are different ways to connect to the Internet-
+ * using a wireless access point such as a WiFi hotspot at a library or coffee shop, or a location that has a wireless router such as your house
+ * using a “School Server” provided by your school system
+ * using a USB-to-Ethernet cable that plugs into a cable modem, DSL modem, or local network such as those offered at a home or workplace
+
+### Before Connecting
+If you are going to connect at school or at home, check with your ISP to find out if the network is protected with a password. Your router also has a password which can be found in its documentation. Become familiar with your wireless router settings so that you can troubleshoot the connection if needed. The Troubleshooting chapter offers some assistance.
+
+Check your current connection status as shown in the lower right area on the Frame. If you have connected successfully in the past, the XO “remembers” the connection and will connect again in the future.
+
+![Checking Connection](assets/CheckingConnection.jpg)
+
+Go to a location with your XO where you know there is a Wireless Access Point (WAP) nearby. Find out the network name (or SSID) and its password, if it is secured with a password. The XO refers to this as the Wireless Key.
+
+### Connecting
+Go to the Neighborhood View. In the Search field, enter the name of the network to which you want to connect.
+
+![Searching For A Network](assets/NetworkSearch.png)
+
+Or roll the pointer over one of the network access circles until you recognize the name of the wireless network.
+
+![Checking For A Network](assets/CheckingNetwork.png)
+
+### Checking Access Points (AP)
+Connect by clicking the center of the circle. Wireless access points are represented by circles. The fill level indicates signal strength. Access points that require keys have a “locked” icon. Access points that you have successfully connected to become “Favorites” as indicated by a star icon.
+
+![Status Of Network](assets/NetworkStatus.png)
+![Locked Network](assets/LockedNetworkStatus.png)
+![Favourited Network](assets/FavouritedNetwork.png)
+
+Access points that represent the Mesh network are indicated with a target icon, with one for channel 1, one for channel 6, and one for channel 11. Hover your pointer over the access point to see if you’re already connected or if you need to click to connect.
+ * The name of the access point is displayed when you hover over it.
+ * The center of the circle blinks while the laptop is trying to connect.
+ * Enter the wireless key if prompted. You might need to ask your teacher or parent for the wireless key.
+
+![Wireless Key Required](assets/WirelessKeyRequired.png)
+
+Entering wireless encryption (WEP) password-
+ * While the XO is connecting to the network, the Access Point blinks.
+ * Once you are connected, the menu on the circle in the Neighborhood View changes, and you can see a circle in the lower right area of the Frame.
+ * If the attempt to connect fails, the circle stops blinking, but the access point icon does not appear in the Frame. Click the circle in the Neighborhood View to try again—it sometimes takes 2–3 tries to connect.
+ * To disconnect from the network, hover the pointer over the access point and click Disconnect on the menu.
+ * Once your XO is connected, you can return back to the Home View and launch the Browse Activity.
+ * If you have not yet added the Browse Activity to your favorites, click the List View (left) and scroll to Browse. Add the Activity to your favorites list by clicking the star next to it (1). Launch Browse for the first time by clicking the globe icon (2). Next time, you can use the freeform view to launch it (as is done in the next step).
+ * If you have added the Browse Activity to your favorites list, you can click the globe icon to open the Browse Activity and test your access to the Internet.
+ * Click the globe icon to launch the Browse Activity.
+
+If you cannot see an Access Point with a name that you recognize, the wireless antenna might be too far away, or the Access Point might not be working properly. For more information, or if you have difficulties getting a network connection, refer to the Troubleshooting chapter.
+
+More information about your XO’s connection-
+ * Your Wireless Access Point has a network name, also called an SSID, that displays in the Neighborhood View. The XO cannot recognize SSIDs that are hidden, which is configured on the access point. Refer to the Troubleshooting chapter for more information about hidden SSIDs.
+ * If you are connected to the Internet, your XO laptop cannot be on the mesh network, and if your XO is on a mesh network, it cannot simultaneously connect wirelessly to the Internet.
+
+### Mesh Or AP
+ * If the XO cannot find an available Internet network point after five minutes of searching, it defaults to Mesh Network 1, which enables your XO laptop to connect to other nearby XO laptops.
+ * Please be patient; it can take your XO up to a minute to find newly visible networks.
+ * Sometimes you’ll be asked to enter the “Wireless Key” again. Enter it again and repeat until your connection is complete.
+ * For more information about connecting, please see the Support FAQ online.
+
+## Getting Connected
+A primary goal of the Sugar learning platform is enabling students to learn and work together.
+
+In a wireless environment, an access point (AP) is a device that allows your computer to connect to an existing set of communicating devices. The access point usually has a direct connection to the internet, and can relay data between the wireless devices and the devices it can access.
+
+There are multiple ways to connect to others-
+ * wireless access point (WiFi hotspot);
+ * wired network—may require an external adapter;
+ * OLPC “School Server” mesh network;
+ * OLPC “simple” mesh network, which lets you collaborate directly with other Sugar users.
+
+### Connecting Through AP
+You can connect from the Neighborhood View. You can see information about the connection on the Frame.
+
+__Step 1__ : Go to the Neighborhood View.Go to the Neighborhood View to connect to an access point.
+
+Tip: To access the Neighborhood View, click on the Neighborhood Icon on the Frame or by pressing the F1 key.
+
+![Step1Connection](assets/Step1Connection.png)
+
+__Step 2__ : Choose an access point. Networks (access points) are represented by circles on the Neighborhood View. Hover over a circle to see more information about an access point. An access point is identified by the name (ESSID) it broadcasts. An OLPC laptop mesh-point—represented by a series of concentric circles—is identified by its channel number (1, 6, or 11). You can also search for an access point by name in the search bar at the top of the page.
+
+Note: If an access point is not broadcasting its name, the Neighborhood View may show that AP with some other name.
+
+Signal strength is indicated by the fill level of the circle. The color of the circle is based upon the name of the access point. A lock icon identifies networks that are secured and require a key (passcode) to use. A star icon identifies access points that have been previously used (favorites).
+
+![Step2Connection](assets/Step2Connection.png)
+
+__Step 3__ : Activate a connection. To activate a network connection, click once inside the circle that corresponds to your chosen access point (or click on the Connect option in the hover menu).
+
+While the connection is being established, the inside of the circle will blink. Once the connection is established, an icon for that connection will be shown on the bottom edge of Frame. If for some reason the connection failed, the circle will stop blinking. Sometimes it is necessary to try several times before the connection is established.
+
+If the access point is secured and requires a key, a dialog prompts you for the required information. Different access points may require different types of keys. Before entering the key, be sure to select the correct type from the pull-down menu that is presented.
+
+__Step 4__ : Checking the connection. The connection status is detailed in a hover menu.
+
+You can check the status of your connection from the Frame (from any view). By hovering over the circle icon, you will find details about your connection status in a hover menu. OLPC deployments
+
+OLPC has designed a mesh network that allows XO laptops to communicate without the presence of the Internet and a School Server as a means to make their school network connectivity more efficient. The School Server also provides web and chat services.
+
+![Step4Connection](assets/Step4Connection.png)
+
+### Note To Parents And Teachers
+Collaboration between learners is one of the most important features of Sugar. To enable collaboration in a classroom or home setting, it is necessary to establish the same type of connection for each computer. Computers can be connected through a School Server, a simple mesh if they are OLPC XOs, or an access point.
+
+When using an access point for the connection, the computers must all use the same Jabber server in order to collaborate. Please refer to the Sugar Control Panel discussion in the Personalizing Sugar chapter for details regarding the configuration of Jabber.
+
+## Troubleshooting Connectivity
+You can look [here](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support_FAQ) for many technical troubleshooting tips, but you should read through all the information on this page to troubleshoot the wireless connectivity yourself. Understanding wireless router configuration
+
+Connect your router to any computer, and then use a web browser to view the router’s configuration page and change the router’s settings.
+
+Here are some common router manufacturer’s administrative addresses, usernames, and passwords used for configuring router information. To find a more complete list, you may try visiting another computer that has an internet connection (for example, the local library) and searching the Internet for router default logins.
+
+|Manufacturer|Address|Username|Password|
+|------------|-------|--------|--------|
+|3 Com|http://192.168.1.1|admin|admin|
+|D-Link|http://192.168.0.1|admin| |
+|Linksys|http://192.168.1.1|admin|admin|
+|Broadband|http://192.168.2.1|admin|admin|
+|Netgear|http://192.168.0.1|admin|password|
+|Gateway2Wire|http://192.168.1.254| | |
+
+If you are unable to connect a computer to your router to do this, call your Internet Service Provider and ask them for assistance. They should be able to access your router remotely, get the needed information for you, and even make any needed changes.
+
+Your wireless router settings may contain Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) or Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) for security protection. Find out which type of security it uses and the passphrase either by asking your ISP or by using the router’s configuration pages.
+
+Based on the type of security system being used (WPA or WEP), the Wireless Key type varies. For WPA, you use a Passphrase key (for example, “password”, “tHisisAp4ssword”). For WEP, use either a Hex key (for example, “4f4c504321”, usually all keys that consist of only of 0-9 and a-f) or its corresponding ASCII key (“OLPC!”). 40-bit Hex keys are 10 letters/numbers long, corresponding to 5 letter/number ASCII keys.
+
+### Common Connectivity Problems And Solution
+Inability to connect with an Access Point from the Neighborhood View is the most commonly reported symptom. The symptom is usually a flashing circle icon where the access point circle icon never appears in the Frame or the circle’s menu never contains “Connected.” This flashing animation indicates the XO is trying to connect, but the lack of connection indicators tells you that it fails to connect. If this happens, try the troubleshooting suggestions just below. Is the wifi hotspot dot visible in the Neighborhood View?
+
+Go to the Neighborhood View and type the name of your SSID in the Seach box to highlight your access point. Each circle network icon represents a Service Set Identifier (SSID). On one of the icons in the Neighborhood View, you should see your Wi-Fi hotspot’s network name.
+
+![Neighbourhood Without Filter](assets/NeighbourhoodWithoutFilter.png)
+![Neighbourhood With Filter](assets/NeighbourhoodWithFilter.png)
+
+If you cannot see the network name there may be a few reasons for this, so continue troubleshooting.
+
+__Is the name of the network a hidden SSID?__
+
+If your SSID/Network Name is set to be Hidden in the router configuration, it is not possible for the XO to connect to your wireless network through the Sugar User Interface.
+
+You may connect manually by typing commands in the Terminal Activity. To do so, launch the Terminal Activity and type these commands-
+
+```
+su -l
+/sbin/iwconfig eth0 mode managed essid myhiddennetwork
+/sbin/dhclient eth0
+```
+
+As an explanation, the su command creates a root process. The iwconfig command connects to your hidden network (of course, substitute the name of your access point for the string myhiddennetwork in the above example). Finally, dhclient asks for an IP address from the access point.
+
+__Is your Wi-Fi router filtering connections based on a MAC Address?__
+
+You can prevent other computers from using your wireless router by configuring it to filter by MAC Address. A MAC Address is a unique address embedded in your computer’s network adapter. While MAC address filtering is not a secure method of protecting a network, some routers use it, and it could prevent your XO from using that access point.
+
+To fix a filtering problem, you can find the MAC Address and add it to the list of allowed computers that can connect with the wireless router.
+
+To do so, launch the Terminal Activity and type these commands-
+
+```
+/sbin/ifconfig -a eth0
+```
+
+The MAC address is in the first line next to the HWAddr tag: and is in the form of “00:17:C4:XX:XX:XX”. In the WiFi router configuration for filtering, add the MAC Address you found with the ifconfig command.
+
+__Is your WiFi router configured to support 802.11b or 802.11g or both?__
+
+Read the documentation for your wireless router to determine how to configure it for 802.11g support, or to determine if it is using the 802.11g protocol. In this example, the Mode drop-down list is where you would look for protocol settings. It may not work to have both g and b modes as shown, so try different configurations to see if another configuration works.
+
+![Wifi Configurations](assets/WifiConfigurations.jpg)
+
+__Are the access point settings not in channels 1, 6, or 11?__
+
+![Access Point Configurations](assets/APConfigurations.jpg)
+
+Is your access point working on another channel that is not in 1, 6, or 11? For some older builds, the XO expects to find access points in one of these three channels, the three non-interfering channels available to 802.11g wireless protocol.
+
+Try changing your access point to one of the three channels and check if you can associate your XO to it. Refer to your access point’s documentation for information on changing the frequency channel that your access point broadcasts on. This image shows an example of the settings for a wireless router. The Channel field is where you change the frequency setting.
+
+__Why can’t the XO Browse when connected?__
+
+Symptom: Your XO shows that your Internet connection is working, but you cannot browse or search any pages.
+
+Most likely, the XO has failed to receive DNS information from your internet access point. If this is the case, you would be able to access the Internet for sites named directly with IP addresses but not their common names. In other words, http://209.85.133.18 would work but http://www.google.com would not.
+
+Verify what the XO has received (from the Internet access point) for DNS information by using the Browse Activity and looking at this URL: file://localhost/etc/resolv.conf
+
+This page should show the IP address of the DNS server assigned by the Internet access point. If there isn’t an IP address on this page, or if the IP address assigned is wrong, this would account for the behavior you’re seeing.
+
+If there is no IP address, or the address is wrong, you’ll need to determine why the Internet access point is failing to supply one, but this is likely to be misconfiguration of the access point.
+
+__Connecting to the Internet without wireless access__
+
+If you cannot successfully or consistently connect to the Internet using Wi-Fi, you can use a USB-to-Ethernet connector to hook up to a wired connection rather than wireless. Examples of products that have worked for other users include the Linksys USB100M and the Zoltan Tech USB2.0 Fast Ethernet adapter, which cost about USD $10-$25.
+
+If you want to connect to your XO wirelessly with a dial-up connection, you can do it with an older version of Apple’s Airport Extreme (A1034). Apple no longer sells them, but they are available on the Internet for between $18 and $36. Be sure the one you get has a port for the phone line, and preferably, with a phone cord included. Directions for connecting with it are on the Wiki [here](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Wifi_Connectivity#Apple_Airport).
+
+Your XO makes a wonderful traveling companion. You can connect to a wide variety of public WiFi sites often found in community centers and libraries, even in restaurants and hotels. All you will need to do is to obtain a correct password and log on according to the instructions above. Many places will not require a password to connect and the process will be even easier. Remember, however, that passwords provide an extra layer of internet security. Without them, you run a slightly higher risk of experiencing some type of Internet fraud.
diff --git a/help/Support.md b/help/Support.md
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+# Support
+## Table Of Contents
+1. [Upgrading Software](#UPGRADING-SOFTWARE)
+2. [Getting Support](#GETTING-SUPPORT)
+
+## Upgrading Software
+Your XO comes pre-loaded with the software OS (operating system) designed for the XO. It is a good idea to keep your software up to date because our latest builds fix bugs in earlier releases and they are awesome!
+
+The XO-1’s came with Sugar software. Did you know that with the latest software your XO can have both Sugar and GNOME? GNOME provides an option to teach older children in a learning environment that will be familiar and transferable to using Windows or Mac OS. This Chapter will tell you how to upgrade your software.
+
+The Software Releases can be found [here](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Releases).
+
+The [main page of the OLPC Wiki](http://wiki.laptop.org/) also contains links to the latest releases.
+There several methods of upgrading. Which one is right for you? Most people will want to use the “clean install” method. An overview of the upgrade options can be found [here](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Updating_the_XO).
+
+Clear instructions on how to to change, upgrade, downgrade, or replace your XO’s OS can be found in the Release notes. Choose the release (build) that you want to install [here](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Releases). Next, click on the Release notes for the release you will install.
+
+Decide whether you want to do a clean install (Installation) which will completely reformat your XO with files from a USB drive, or an online or offline update which will update the current software without erasing the existing Journal. Follow the instruction for the update method chosen.
+
+A clean install uses a USB stick and the “four button procedure” to begin the update. Warning Reminder: This method re-formats your XO and EVERYTHING on your XO will be deleted if you use this method. You will follow the instructions in the Release Notes for the build chosen, and you will need A USB storage device that has at least 1 GB of space free and a computer with Internet access that will allow you to download the required 300-400MB within about an hour.
+
+![Buttons On XO Laptop](assets/UpgradingXOInstructions.jpg)
+
+1. Battery indicator
+2. Power indicator
+3. Power button
+4. Game buttons
+
+Follow these steps to upgrade your XO-
+1. Connect your XO to its charger.
+2. Turn off your XO.
+3. Connect your prepared USB storage device to your XO.
+4. Next, hold down all four gamepad keys above the power button, and then push the power button to turn the XO on. You will see a message that tells you to “Release the game key to continue”. Do not continue until you see this message.
+5. Release the gamepad keys. The reflash process runs automatically; first you will see the XO arrange and color in a grid of boxes, then the XO will display “Rebooting in 10 seconds...”
+6. The XO will then restart with a clean image.
+7. Enter your name for your XO and then click Next.
+8. Click the XO icon to change the colors and then click Done.
+9. Optionally, connect your XO to the Internet, then use the Control Panel to download the latest Activities.
+
+## Getting Support
+One Laptop per Child is an education project, not a laptop project. With connected laptops, learners are liberated to actively engage with others with similar interests in cultures of learning by doing without being limited by time or space. If you are having hardware or software problems with your XO, remember that its design is to encourage you to learn new things by trying to solve problems on your own!
+
+That said, an entire community built this XO and everything on it, and we want to help you with it. Our OLPC global community of volunteers provide software and hardware troubleshooting and support. This section will help tell you where to find Support when you are really stuck! OLPC has proven that volunteer-driven support works, often with far more heartfelt caring than any corporate help desk!
+
+If you have questions about the XO, ask a teacher for help, a friend, or search on the Internet. If you have a question about your XO, there is a very good chance it is already answered within our expanding [Support FAQ/RTFM knowledge base](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support_FAQ)
+Next try looking [here](http://support.laptop.org) for extensive helpful guidance for exploring and fixing your XO, allowing you to solve challenging issues right alongside others. Specifically, check out:
+ * [Getting Started](http://laptop.org/start)
+ * [Email Lists](http://lists.laptop.org)
+ * [Live Chat](http://forum.laptop.org/chat)
+ * [OLPC Community](http://wiki.laptop.org)
+
+If you are still unable to find an answer online, please email help@laptop.org.
+
+Did you know that our volunteers staff a live Help Chat site 24/7, on the Internet? Click [here](http://forum.laptop.org/chat). Login with the color-name shown; that’s guest ID. Type your question in the chat line at the bottom. You may have to wait for a response as our volunteers come in and out. If you are patient, we can probably help you! To learn more about what Internet Relay Chat (the system that makes this possible) is, click [here](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/IRC).
+
+We would also like to make special mention of our Support Gang, where an enthusiastic group of volunteers assist XO users all over the world. If you are impressed with the passion and hard work of our volunteers, please consider giving back, by joining our dedicated community. Take a look at the [link below](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support_Gang). We would welcome your participation! Be sure to review the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) [link above](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Support_FAQ). Many of us join and “learn by doing.”
+
+Thanks very much! OLPC Support Gang
diff --git a/help/UsingActivities.md b/help/UsingActivities.md
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+# Using Activities
+## Table Of Contents
+1. [What is an Activity?](#ACTIVITY)
+2. [Launching Activties](#LAUNCHING-ACTIVITY)
+ 1. [Launching Activities From Home View](#LAUNCHING-HOMEVIEW)
+ 2. [Resuming From Journal](#RESUMING-JOURNAL)
+ 3. [Joining Activities](#JOINING-ACTIVITY)
+3. [Switching Activities](#SWITCH-ACTIVITY)
+4. [Collaborating](#COLLABORATING)
+ 1. [Chatting](#CHATTING)
+ 2. [Collaboration Using Distance Activity](#COLLABORATING-DISTANCE)
+5. [Exiting Activities](#EXITING-ACTIVITY)
+
+## What is an Activity?
+Activities are the things you use to make projects in Sugar on your XO. Activities are found on your “Home” view in the circle around your “person” icon.
+
+![Examples Of Activities](assets/UsingActivityExamples.png)
+
+These activities have been selected from all those installed on your laptop. They are called “Favorites”. You can change this list at any time by clicking on the “List” view (1) in the upper right corner of your screen.
+
+To start an activity, you can click its icon. This will open the last project you were working on. You can also see all your recent projects by hovering your pointer over the icon and look for the name of which you saved your project. In order to open a new session, hover your pointer on the icon and click “start new”.
+
+There is one special activity called the “Journal” which appears under your “person” icon, if you have no other Activities open, and on the Frame, or you can press the magnifying glass key in the top row of the keyboard to immediately open the Journal and search. The Journal keeps track of everything you do on the XO. It also stores the files you create with your Activity. Some Activities need no instruction or explanation, such as Maze and Speak. There are other Activities that require some learning and exploration, such as Turtle Art, Etoys, and Scratch.
+
+There are Activities which are games, such as Memorize and Implode. Some perform basic functions such as writing documents (Write), taking pictures or videos (Record), or browsing the Internet (Browse). Other Activities allow you to create complex images, games, animations and programs : Scratch, Etoys, TurtleArt. You can also make music with Tam Tam and use it in your animation, or story or Memorize game.
+
+A set of Activities is pre-installed with the Sugar environment. More Activities can be found and added to your XO from the [Sugar Activity Library](http://activities.sugarlabs.org). You can also add Activities from a USB drive (thumb drive).
+
+## Launching Activities
+You can launch an Activity in four different ways:
+ * Click the Activity icon in the Home View.
+ * Resume your previous work with an Activity from the Journal.
+ * Join a shared Activity from the Neighborhood View.
+ * Accept an invitation by clicking the invitation icon on the Frame.
+ * When you launch an Activity, its icon flashes in the middle of the screen while it loads.
+
+![Example Activity Load Screen](assets/UsingActivityLoading.png)
+
+Once the Activity is running, you will be placed into its Activity View.
+
+### Launching Activities From Home View
+To get to the Home View, click the Home icon on the Frame frame or press the F3 key. On the XO keyboard this key has a single dot, and is one of the view keys. Then click on the icon of the activity you want to start. If you aren’t sure you have the right activity, hover your cursor over the icon for a few seconds and a label will appear with the activity name.
+
+If you’ve run the Activity before, clicking the icon will resume with your last Journal entry. If you click the right menu button or hover the cursor over the icon for several seconds, a menu appears with other Journal entries you made with the activity, and an option to “Start new”.
+
+If you don’t see the Activity’s icon, click the menu icons (2) (3) to change how the Home view displays activities. Or type part of the Activity’s name in the search box (1).
+
+![Home View In Activities](assets/UsingActivityHomeview.png)
+
+In list view mode (3) you can click the star (4) next to an Activity’s name to add/remove it as a favorite. Favorite Activities appear in the favorites view.
+
+![List View In Activities](assets/UsingActivityListview.png)
+
+### Resuming From Journal
+Click the activity’s icon or click Resume on its hover menu.
+
+![Resuming In Activities](assets/UsingActivityResuming.png)
+
+You can also launch some journal entries in a different activity using the hover menu. For example, you can resume an image you made in the Paint activity in Etoys or Browse.
+
+You can click the first drop-down menu in the Journal to only show certain kinds of entries or those made with a particular activity.
+
+### Joining Activities
+
+![Joining An Activity](assets/UsingActivityJoining.png)
+
+As for joining an Activity by accepting an invitation, click Join in the hover menu on the Frame. Note: Try not to open more than three Activities at one time or your computer may go slow.
+
+![Joining An Activity By Invitation](assets/UsingActivityJoiningInvitation.png)
+
+## Switching Activities
+You can switch between Activities in two ways:
+
+In the Frame, click the icon of the Activity you want to switch to.
+Hold down alt + tab at the same time to cycle through your open Activities until you reach the one you want.
+
+__Note__ : You can use the Clipboard and the Journal to move data between Activities.
+
+## Collaborating
+One of the most important features of Sugar is the ability for you to collaborate, or network, and share a project that you are working on with others. This can take the form of multiple cursors in a document, multiple musical instruments, two players in a game, multiple uses in chat, and so on. Many Activities support collaboration, see below, Where to get Collaborating.
+
+This image is from the Activity toolbar of Write, which is an Activity which supports collaboration.
+
+![Colaborating In Activities](assets/UsingActivityCollaboration.png)
+
+The highlighted button is the collaboration, or sharing, “switch”. The options are
+
+![Home Icon](assets/HomeIcon.png) Home icon, which, when you hover the cursor over, reveals “Private”. This is the non-sharing option, with no networking.
+
+![Neighbourhood Icon](assets/NeighbourhoodIcon.png) Neighborhood icon, which, when you hover the cursor over, reveals “My Neighborhood”. This is the sharing option, that is, networked.
+
+In some activities, the collaboration button is grayed (disable), that means the activity can’t collaborate.
+
+### Chatting
+An example of collaboration, or networking, is chatting. Chatting is available in the Sugar Activity Chat.
+
+![Using The Chat Activity](assets/UsingActivityChat.png)
+
+### Collaboration Using Distance Activity
+If you want to share with one of your friends, inside the Activity that you want share, click on the “Home” icon that says “Private” then click on the “Neighborhood” icon, like below.
+
+![Using Distance Activity](assets/UsingActivtiyDistance.png)
+
+This will make it available to all other persons connected to your same Ad-hoc network. An icon of the Activity you are sharing will appear in the Neighborhood view inviting others to join. To join, all they will need to do is hover over the icon of the Activity you are sharing and click join. (This is also how you join the work of others when they share with you).
+
+![Hovering Over Distance Activity](assets/UsingActivtiyHover.png)
+
+Collaborating is a built-in function in the following Activities:
+ * Browse
+ * Calculate
+ * Chat
+ * Distance
+ * Etoys
+ * Image Viewer (not marked Favorite)
+ * Implode
+ * Maze
+ * Memorize
+ * Pippy
+ * Read
+ * Record
+ * Speak
+ * TamTamMini
+ * TamTamJam
+ * Turtle Art
+ * Write
+
+Note: Not all Activities are able to collaborate. There are many others available in the Sugar Labs Activities repository
+
+## Exiting Activities
+To stop an Activity, use the touchpad or a mouse to move the cursor to the stop button on the right corner and click. Try to have no more than three Activities open at once.
+
+To stop an Activity using the keyboard, press and hold the Ctrl key, and then press the Q key. There are some exceptions below.
+
+__Scratch__
+
+![Closing Scratch Activity](assets/UsingActivtiyScratch.png)
+
+There are some “Activities”, such as Scratch, that are stopped from the “File” menu by selecting “Quit” or “Exit”. These activities may require a separate step to save your work by clicking on the “Save” or “Save As” command or may also be done by clicking the folder icon with a downpointing arrow.
+
+In Scratch, for example, you must go to “File” then “Save As” then give your project a name next to “New Filename” then click “OK”.
+
+__Etoys__
+
+The Etoys Activity is stopped by clicking a button that has an ✕ within a white disc, rather than the stop sign.
+
+__Terminal__
+
+The Terminal Activity must be quit using Ctrl/D, Ctrl/Shift/Q, or the stop button. This is because Ctrl/Q has a special meaning in a Terminal.
diff --git a/help/UsingSugar.md b/help/UsingSugar.md
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+# Using Sugar
+
+## Table Of Contents
+1. [The Sugar User Interface](#SUGAR-USER-INTERFACE)
+ 1. [For Parents And Teachers](#SUGAR-FOR-PARENTS)
+2. [Home View](#HOME-VIEW)
+ 1. [Ring View](#RING-VIEW)
+ 2. [List View](#LIST-VIEW)
+ 3. [Freeform View](#FREEFORM-VIEW)
+ 4. [Activity Menu](#ACTIVITY-MENU)
+ 5. [XO Menu](#XO-MENU)
+3. [Neighbourhood View](#NEIGHBOURHOOD-VIEW)
+ 1. [Neighbourhood Elements](#NEIGHBOURHOOD-ELEMENTS)
+4. [Group View](#GROUP-VIEW)
+ 1. [Adding Friends](#ADDING-FRIENDS)
+ 2. [Inviting Friends](#INVITING-FRIENDS)
+ 3. [Removing Friends](#REMOVING-FRIENDS)
+5. [The Frame](#FRAME)
+ 1. [Accessing The Frame](#ACCESSING-FRAME)
+ 2. [Frame Elements](#FRAME-ELEMENTS)
+6. [Journal](#JOURNAL)
+ 1. [Accessing The Journal](#ACCESSING-JOURNAL)
+ 2. [Journal Features](#JOURNAL-FEATURES)
+ 3. [Journal Detail View](#JOURNAL-DETAIL-VIEW)
+ 4. [Using Removable Media](#USING-REMOVABLE-MEDIA)
+ 5. [Sending Journal Entries Through Networks](#SENDING-JOURNAL-ENTRIES)
+ 6. [Note To Parents And Teachers](#JOURNAL-FOR-PARENTS)
+7. [My Settings](#SETTINGS)
+8. [Sugar Features](#SUGAR-FEATURES)
+ 1. [View Source](#VIEW-SOURCE)
+ 2. [Duplicate Source](#DUPLICATE-SOURCE)
+ 3. [Speaking Selected Text](#SPEAKING-TEXT)
+9. [GNOME](#GNOME)
+10. [XS School Server](#XS)
+ 1. [Installation](#INSTALLATION)
+ 2. [Configuration](#CONFIGURATION)
+ 3. [Services](#SERVICES)
+
+
+## The Sugar User Interface
+The Sugar platform encourages learning through personal expression.
+
+The user interface differs from the traditional Desktop metaphor. It uses a “zooming” metaphor—each view represents a different scale of interaction. You move between a view of the network “neighborhood”, your “friends”, your “home page”, and your currently open application (“Activity”). Each view occupies the entire screen. There are no overlapping windows to deal with.
+
+![Sugar User Interface](assets/SugarUserInterface.png)
+
+*With Sugar, you zoom between views: from your network neighborhood to your current Activity.*
+
+Sugar supports sharing and collaboration by default. Sugar brings many of the rich collaboration mechanisms we are accustomed to from the Internet directly into the user interface. Sharing a file, starting a chat, collaborating in a writing exercise, or playing a game with other people are never more than a single click away.
+
+Sugar incorporates a Frame around the border of the screen; the Frame holds status information, such as alerts, a clipboard, open activities, and your current collaborators.
+
+Sugar maintains a Journal (or diary) of everything you do; it is a place for reflection. You do not need to save files or create folders; Activities automatically save your work to the Journal.
+
+Sugar emphasizes discovery. Every object in the interface has a menu that reveals more details and options for action. Many Activities include a “view source” option; for example, the Browse activity lets you examine the HTML code that reveals how a web page is created. Most Activities are written in the Python scripting language. You can see how they work, and make changes to them.
+
+Sugar has clarity of design. There is no need to “double click”. There are no overlapping windows. Sugar uses color and shape throughout the interface to provide a fun, expressive, approachable platform for computing.
+
+### For Parents And Teachers
+__Activities, not Applications__
+ * Sugar does not have applications in the traditional sense. Activities are distinct from applications in what they focus on (collaboration and expression) and in their implementation (journaling and iteration). This is more than a new naming convention; it represents an intrinsic quality of the learning experience we hope the children will have when using Sugar.
+
+__Presence is always Present__
+ * Everyone has the potential for learning and teaching. Sugar puts collaboration at the core of the user experience in order to realize this potential. The presence of other learners encourages children to take responsibility for others’ learning as well as their own. The exchange of ideas amongst peers makes the learning process more engaging and stimulates critical thinking skills. Sugar encourages these types of social interaction with the laptops.
+ * Most activities have the potential to become network enabled. For example, consider the Browse activity. With typical computer interfaces, you browse in isolation. In Sugar, sharing links is an integral part of Browse, transforming web-surfing into a group collaboration.
+
+__Tools of Expression__
+ * Sugar emphasizes thinking, expressing, and communicating using technology. Sugar starts from the premise that we want to use what people already know in order to make connections to new knowledge. Computation is a “thing to think with”. Sugar makes the primary activity of the children one of creative expression, in whatever form that might take. Most activities focus on the creation of some type of object, be it a drawing, a song, a story, a game, or a program. In another language shift describing the user experience, we refer to objects rather than files as the primary stuff of creative expression.
+ * As most software developers would agree, the best way to learn how to write a program is to write one, or perhaps teach someone else how to do so. Studying the syntax of the language is useful, but it doesn’t teach one how to code. We apply the principle of “learning through doing” to all types of creation. For example, we emphasize composing music over downloading music. We also encourage the children to engage in the process of collaborative critique of their expressions and to iterate upon this expression as well.
+ * Turning the traditional file system into objects speaks more directly to real-world metaphors: instead of a sound file, we have an actual sound; instead of a text file, a story. In order to support this concept, activity developers can define object types and associated icons to represent them.
+
+__Journaling__
+ * The concept of the Journal, a written documentation of everyday events, is generally understood, albeit in various forms across cultures. A journal typically chronicles the Activities one has done throughout the day. We have adopted a journal metaphor for the file system as our approach to file organization. The underlying implementation of the journal does not differ significantly from file systems in contemporary operating systems. The file system layout is less important than the journal itself.
+ * The journal embodies the idea of storing a history of the things a child has done and the activities a child has participated in. The child, parent, and teacher can reflect on the journal to assess progress.
+ * The Journal stores objects created while the student runs an Activity. This function is secondary, although important. The Journal naturally lends itself to a chronological organization. Objects in the Journal can be tagged, searched, and sorted by a variety of means. The Journal records what a child has done, not just what the child has saved. The Journal is a portfolio or scrapbook history of the child’s interactions with the machine and also with peers.
+ * The Journal includes entries explicitly created by the children with entries that are implicitly created through the child’s participation in an Activities. Developers must think carefully about how an activity integrates with the Journal more so than with a traditional file system that functions independently of an application. The Activities, the objects, and the means of recording all tightly integrate to create a different kind of computer experience.
+
+## Home View
+Use the Home View to begin new Activities.
+*Note: When you have clicked on an Activity’s icon, please wait for that Activity to start. If you get impatient and happen to click again on the Activity’s icon, you may end up with that Activity being started twice. When you click on an Activity’s icon, you will see a start-up view while that Activity initializes. Once the Activity is running, you will be placed into its Activity View. If the Activity fails to start, you will instead be returned to Home View.*
+
+![Home View Icons](assets/HomeViewIcons.png)
+
+To get to the Home View, click the Home icon on the Frame or press the F3 key. The Home View has several modes. Each mode has a different arrangement of Activities:
+ * Your favorite Activities in a ring (Ring View)
+ * Your installed Activities in a list (List View)
+ * Your favorite Activities arranged freeform (Freeform View)
+
+### Ring View
+![Ring View](assets/RingView.png)
+
+1. Search box: Use the search box to find Activities. Note: If in List view you see fewer Activities than expected, you may need to click on the small X at the right end of the search box to undo an unintended search request.
+2.Favorites modes: Click an icon to switch to a different view. Hover over the Favorites icon to see a menu that lets you pick Ring mode or Freeform mode.
+3. List view: Click the icon to switch over to the List view.
+4. Activity icon: Click an Activity icon to launch that Activity. Its icon is colored if the Activity has been used before and clicking on it will resume its last session. (Please see the Activity Menu section below for further information.) Only Activities that have been “starred” as favorites in the List View appear in this view.
+5. Active Activity icon: The icon of the currently active Activity appears under the XO icon.
+6. XO icon: Hover the pointer over the “XO” in the center of the Home View to bring up a menu and to access the Sugar Control Panel (Please see the chapter on Customizing Sugar).
+
+![Ring View Search](assets/RingViewSearch.png)
+
+When a search is done the Activities which don’t correspond to the result are greyed out. If only one Activity matches the search, the full name will replace what has been typed, and pressing enter will launch the Activity.
+
+### List View
+![List View](assets/ListView.png)
+
+Use the List view to manage all of your Activities and to choose which Activity icons will appear on the Favorites view.
+1. Activity favorite icon: A star, which is colored for favorite Activities, which appear in the Ring mode or Freeform mode. Click a star to color or clear it.
+2. Activity icon: Click the icon to launch the Activity or hover over it to see the corresponding menu.
+3. Hover menu: In this menu you can also launch, favorite and un-favorite Activities and erase them.
+4. Version number: Here you can see which version of the Activity is currently installed. For more information about updating your Activities to the latest version please refer to the How to Install and Update Activities section.
+
+### Freeform View
+![Freeform View](assets/FreeformView.png)
+
+The Freeform mode of the Home View works the same as the Ring mode, but the icons are arranged arbitrarily instead of in a circle. You can drag the icons in this View to visually group them in a way that makes sense to you.
+
+### Activity Menu
+![Activity Menu](assets/ActivityMenu.png)
+
+When hovering over an Activity icon a corresponding menu appears. From there you can directly resume the last few Activity sessions or choose to start a new one.
+
+### XO Menu
+![XO Menu](assets/XOMenu.png)
+
+Use the hover menu that appears over the XO icon to access the Sugar Control Panel and to shutdown or restart the computer.
+
+## Neighborhood View
+You can use the Neighborhood View to connect to the Internet and to collaborate with others.
+
+![Neighbourhood View Icons](assets/NeighbourhoodViewIcons.png)
+
+To see the Neighborhood View, click the Neighborhood icon on the Frame. You can also use the Neighborhood button for this purpose if your keyboard has one, or press the F1 key.
+
+### Neighbourhood Elements
+![Neighbourhood Elements](assets/NeighbourhoodElements.png)
+
+1. Search menu: You can find find people, Activities, or access points (what connects you to the Internet) using the search menu.
+2. Ad-Hoc network icon: An ad-hoc network lets you connect to other computers without using an access point.
+3. Access point: WiFi hot spots (Internet access points) appear as circles in the Neighborhood view. If you hover over a circle, the name of the network appears. Each circle has another color inside, the more full the inside color, the better the connection. To connect to a network, click the circle, and then click Connect. If the circle shows a lock symbol, expect to enter a key or password. The inside of the circle blinks while your system tries to connect. Once you are connected, an icon for the connection will appear at bottom right of the Frame. To disconnect, hover over the circle, and choose Disconnect on the menu. Or hover over the icon in the Frame, and choose Disconnect there. (OLPC XO-1 Note: The XO-1 laptop has three mesh network channels. By clicking on a mesh icon, then clicking on Connect, you join that particular mesh network, and disconnect from an Access point network. The other XO icons shown will change according to who is on that network.)
+4. Shared Activities: Shared Activities appear as icons in the Neighborhood View and you can join them by clicking the corresponding icon.
+5. XO icon: Other Sugar users appear as XO icons. By hovering over them, you can discover the nickname of that person and can add them as a friend or invite them to join you in a shared Activity.
+6. Open access point: An access point which isn’t protected by a password. The network behind the access point may still have a password.
+7. Connected networks: Once the computer has connected to a network, two arcs are drawn either side of the icon.
+
+## Group View
+The Group View shows you, your friends and allows you to easily interact with them.
+
+![Group View Icons](assets/GroupViewIcons.png)
+
+To show the Group View, click the Group icon on the Frame or press the F2 key.
+
+![Group View](assets/GroupView.png)
+
+The Group View shows you and your friends. XO icons that are dimmed represent friends who are currently offline.
+
+### Adding Friends
+You can add friends to the Group View from the Neighborhood View.
+
+![Selecting Friends](assets/SelectingFriend.png)
+
+When you hover over an XO icon, the Make friend menu option appears. Click this option to add that person as a friend.
+
+![Adding Friends](assets/AddFriend.png)
+
+Your new friend’s icon then appears in the Group View.
+
+### Inviting Friends
+From the hover menu, you can also invite friends to join your current Activity. There is more information about invitations and sharing in the Collaborating chapter.
+
+![Inviting Friends](assets/InvitingFriend.png)
+
+### Removing Friends
+You can remove a friend from the Group View using the hover menu. Click Remove friend. That person’s icon disappears from the Group View.
+
+![Removing Friends](assets/RemovingFriend.png)
+
+## The Frame
+The Frame is the black border around the screen that holds the View icons, Activity taskbar, clipboard, wireless connections, battery level, incoming invitations and notifications, buddies, and global information that is used across all views.
+
+### Accessing The Frame
+You can access the frame from any view in 2 ways:
+ * By using the Frame Key on the keyboard. On XO laptops the Frame key is the square icon on the upper right hand corner of your keyboard, on other laptops you can use the F6 key.
+ * By moving the cursor to the edges or corners of your screen. (There are several options you can configure in this area, please refer to the My Settings section for more details.)
+In the XO-4, with touch screen, you may show the frame by sliding a finger, from the top of the screen, a few centimeters downward. The same gesture will hide the frame too.
+
+### Frame Elements
+![Frame View](assets/FrameView.png)
+
+The Frame view:
+1. Zoom menu: The Zoom menu (icons matching the important keyboard shortcuts toward the keyboard top left) appears on the upper-left edge of the Frame. Use it to move between the four Sugar views: Neighborhood, Group, Home, and Activity.
+2. Running Activity list: The sequence of currently started Activities appears on the top edge of the Frame in the order that they were started. The active Activity is highlighted. (The Journal always appears here first.) Here you can see open Activities, save, close or switch between them, and view their source code. Sometimes an unlabeled circle appears here which represents an additional full-screen session started by an Activity whose icon already appears in the top edge of the Frame or an Activity that is having trouble completely starting. Invitations to collaborative Activity sessions also show up on this portion of the Frame. They appear as icons in the color of the person who sent them. Hover and you can see who it is and join in.
+3. Active buddy list: People you are currently collaborating with appear on the right edge of the Frame.
+4. Clipboard: The left edge of the Frame serves as a clipboard. You can drag objects such as images and text to and from the clipboard, and from and to Activities. A hover menu also lets you remove them from the clipboard, open them in an Activity, or save (keep) them in your Journal.
+5. System status (from left to right): Switch for the two modes of the touchpad (XO-1 only), external storage devices (e.g. thumb and hard drives), network status, text-to-speech, speaker (volume), and battery appear on the lower edge of the Frame.
+
+## Journal
+The Journal Activity is an automated diary of everything you do within Sugar. Sugar Activities use the Journal as a place to save your work. You can use the Journal as a place to revisit old work, to resume incomplete work, to organize your completed work, and to reflect upon your progress as a learner.
+
+The Journal keeps a record of what you do and the things your create such as photos, drawings, and writings. You can search for items in the Journal or sort entries by type or date. You can also click an entry to get a detailed view. You can resume an activity by clicking on the icon for that entry.
+
+The Journal also supports external storage media such as a USB device or a SD card. When you plug a USB device into the XO, you can access the contents of the USB device using the Journal. Click the USB icon to see the content on an attached USB storage device. You can also copy information from the Journal onto removable media—such as a USB device—as a means of backing it up. If you are connected to a school server, you can access its backup system.
+
+### Accessing The Journal
+![Accessing The Journal](assets/AccessingJournal.png)
+
+To show the Journal, click the Journal icon on the Frame, or use the F5 key. On an XO laptop, you can press the magnifying glass key in the top row of the keyboard.
+
+![Activity Seen Icon](assets/ActivitySeenIcon.png)
+__Seen in an Activity__ , this icon on the Activity toolbar (or Activity tab) allows quick access to the Journal, to add a description, or further notes to yourself about what you are going to do, or have done in that session of the Activity.
+
+### Journal Features
+![Journal Features](assets/JournalFeatures.png)
+
+The Journal View contains a menu and a list of journal entries:
+1. Favorite star: You can mark important entries by clicking on the star icon for that entry. When you click the star icon, the star is colored in.
+2. Entry icon: Each Journal entry has an icon. The color of the icon shows who created the entry. For example, if you copy a photo from a friend, the photo’s icon has your friend’s colors. You can launch the Activity for the entry by clicking on the icon. A hover menu may reveal additional options. In particular, “Erase” deletes that entry from your Journal.
+3. Entry name: Each entry has a name. You can edit the name by clicking it.
+4. Search box: Type words in the box to search for entries that match those words. Entries are displayed when they contain all of the typed words. Comparison will be against all of: the entry name field, the description field (see “Journal detail view”), the comments field and the tag field (see “Journal detail view”). Note: A small x button at the right of the box shows that searching is being applied. To cancel your search, click on that x.
+5. Favorites view: Only shows the entries which have been marked as favorites.
+6. Type filter: You can show certain types of Journal entries, e.g. only images or only entries associated with a specific Activity.
+7. Date filter: You can show certain ages of Journal entries, e.g. changed within the past day, week, or month.
+8. Sorting options: You can order Journal entries by their size, creation and modification date.
+9. Documents folder: To exchange files between the Journal and the underlying file system the $HOME/DOCUMENTS folder is available in the Journal. For example: If you have created an image in GIMP under GNOME and want to open it in the Paint Activity you can place it in the $HOME/DOCUMENTS folder and then access it in the Journal.
+10. Buddy icons: If other participants joined you in this Activity, icons in their colors appear here.
+11. Elapsed time: Displays the time since the most recent change to the entry.
+12. Detail view: Click this button to see detailed information about the entry. See “Journal Detail View” below.
+
+### Journal Detail View
+![Journal Detail View](assets/JournalDetailView.png)
+
+The Detail view appears when you click the Detail view button for an entry. This view lets you examine and annotate the entry.
+1. Back Icon: You can click anywhere in this line to return to the main Journal View.
+2. Resume Button: You can click the Resume button to resume an Activity. A hover menu may show additional options. For example, you can resume working with an image using either the Browser or the Paint Activity.
+3. Copy button: You can copy a Journal entry to the clipboard (or to a removable storage device shown on the bottom edge of the Journal screen) by clicking on the Copy button.
+4. Duplicate button: You can duplicate a Journal entry by clicking on the Duplicate button.
+5. Erase button: You can erase an entry by clicking the Erase button. Caution: Once you erase an entry, it cannot be restored unless you have backed up your Journal.
+6. Entry name: You can change the name of the entry by clicking it and typing in a new name.
+7. Elapsed time: Displays the time since the most recent change to the entry.
+8. Favorites Icon: This icon indicates whether an entry has been starred as a favorite which can be done by clicking it.
+9. Thumbnail image: Each entry has a thumbnail image that is created automatically. The image show the Activity screen when the last change to the Journal entry was saved.
+10. Participants: Displays the XO icons of each person who participated in a shared Activity.
+11. Comments: Comments by the joiners will be displayed here. The comments will be from Portfolio activity and from journal share.
+12. Tags field: You can enter search tags. Tags are keywords used to describe a journal entry so that you can find it later using the Search box. For example, if your project is for school, maybe science class, and it is a report about local flowers, you could put “science” and “flowers” as the tags. You can write as many tags as you wish. You can also use keywords to help you “group” this entry, for instance by origin or context.
+13. Description field: You can type a description of the entry, which you can find later using the Search box. Use a description to remind you of what you did. For example: “Flowers I saw on the hike to the waterfall”. Or you can reflect on your work and process: what I have done; how I have done it; and how successful these efforts have been. “This was not easy, but I learned a lot about different types of flowers in my community by speaking with my family”. This is important because these description can be shown in the reflection Activity called “Portfolio”.
+
+![Choosing Activities In Journal](assets/JournalChooseActivity.png)
+
+When resuming from the Detail View, you can choose among different Activities.
+
+### Using Removable Media
+![Inserting Removable Media](assets/InsertRemovableMedia.png)
+
+When you insert removable media—such as a USB device or SD card—it appears as an icon on the bottom edge of the main Journal view.
+ * Journal: Click the Journal icon to shows the Journal View.
+ * Documents folder: Click the Documents icon to show the contents of
+ * USB device: Click the USB icon (or SD icon) to show the removable-media file system.
+
+![Dragging Removable Media](assets/DraggingRemovableMedia.png)
+
+You can drag entries from the Journal onto the Documents folder or removable media (and vice-versa)
+
+![Unmounting Removable Media](assets/UnmountRemovableMedia.png)
+
+To remove (unmount) the external file system, choose Remove on the hover menu.
+
+Caution: It may take time for the hover menu to appear. It is easy to make a mistake and click the icon itself when you intended to click Unmount.
+
+Caution: If you have a Terminal running you may inadvertently have your removable media locked. If this happens, the safest way to remove media is after powering off your computer.
+
+### Sending Journal Entries Through Networks
+![Sending Journal Entries](assets/SendingJournalEntries.png)
+
+The Journal allows you to send entries to other people who are using Sugar via a network. In order to do this the receiving user has to be registered as a friend in the Neighborhood View and be online. It does not matter whether the laptops are connected via the Mesh-network, an Ad-Hoc network, an access point, or a server.
+
+### Note To Parents And Teachers
+The Journal keeps a record of everything a child does within Sugar: which Activities they use and what content they create. It also keeps a record of group Activities, such as participation in a shared Write or Browse session. The Journal encourages reflection. You can refer to it to assess a child’s progress, much in the spirit of “portfolio” assessment. In order to further support this reflection, Sugar offers a Portfolio Activity, an assessment tool that utilizes the journal content. You can reflect on your work: what I have done; how I have done it; and how successful these efforts have been. Then you can create a multimedia presentation to share with your peers, teachers, and parents who can also reflect in return.
+
+You can also use it as a catalyst for discussion with your child or student. We encourage the use of the description field within the detail view of Journal entries as a place to annotate or comment up entries.
+
+## My Settings
+The My Settings page in Sugar is similar to a Control Panel or System Settings window in other operating systems. It provides a way to view or change values needed by system functions, such as the language for menus and messages, the keyboard layout for typing and otherwise controlling the system, date and time values and format, and much more.
+
+To access My Settings, go to the Home view and activate the menu on the central XO icon, either by hovering with the cursor, or by right-clicking (O button on an XO). Then select My Settings. The following view appears.
+
+![My Settings View](assets/MySettingsView.png)
+
+Click any icon to open the indicated control. If you make changes, the window will offer you the choice whether to save (check mark) or discard (x) those changes. It may be necessary to reboot the computer or restart the Sugar session in order for the changes to take effect.
+ * __About Me__ - View and change your XO colors, name, gender, and grade.
+ * __About My Computer__ - View technical information about your computer: model, serial number, software versions, copyright, and license.
+ * __Background__ - Change the background image used on the Sugar views. You can also change the opacity of the image.
+ * __Date & Time__ - Set timezone for date and time display.
+ * __Frame__ - View and set activation rules for the frame. Set the dial as to whether you would like the frame to show up instantaneously (right away), never or somewhere in between when you move your cursor to both the corner and edge of your screen.
+ * __Language__ - View and set user interface languages. The language you are currently using will show on the first line, or by itself. If you click on the + at the end of the line, you can select another language. Select from the menu by country and language, or click the + icon by the last line to add another line. If there are two or more lines, a - icon will appear by the last line to allow you to delete it.
+ * __Modem Configuration__ - Enter settings for a mobile broadband connection to a cellular network. Not required for WiFi.
+ * __Network__ - View and change settings for turning off wireless in order to save battery power, the jabber server name for collaboration, and the web site for social help.
+ * __Software Update__ - If you are able, check over the Internet for software updates, and install any that are available.
+ * __Configure Your Web Services__ - Manage your online accounts and interventions to Journal.
+
+## Sugar Features
+This page presents a number of Sugar features common to many Activities.
+
+### View Source
+You always can view the source code of Sugar Activities. In most cases, View Source will show you the Python code of the activity, in other cases, like Browse, you can see the HTML code of the page seen in the activity.
+
+You can see the source window by pressing Fn-space on your XO, or Alt-Shift-V, or right click on the Activity’s icon in The Frame. Here is an example of viewing the source of a page in Help Activity. In the case of this activity, you see the simple text, which Help converts into HTML pages for display.
+
+![Viewing Help Documentation](assets/ViewingSource.png)
+![Editing Help Documentation](assets/EditingSource.png)
+
+### Duplicating Source
+In the source window is an option to duplicate an activity. By selecting this option, a copy of the activity is created in the user’s $HOME/Activities directory. Thus we hope to encourage Sugar users to make modifications and improvements to the code they use without the risk of breaking the original activity.
+
+![Duplicating Activities](assets/DuplicatingActivities.png)
+
+### Speaking Selected Text
+You can have Speak, or robot Alice, read aloud, selected text. Here we demonstrate Alice reading text framed by Help. In Help, for instance, you can select a whole page of text, and have it read aloud to you while you explore that Activity.
+
+To select text, move the mouse to the top left of the text, there is a green arrow near the correct point. Click the left, or main, mouse button. Move the cursor to the bottom right of the text to select, there is a red arrow near the correct point.
+
+Bring in the The Frame with the “Frame key” or F6. Press on the “Speech lips” icon in the bottom of the frame, then press on Say selected text. Notice also that there is a pause feature, once speech has started.
+
+![Saying Selected Text](assets/SayingSelectedText.png)
+
+The Say selected text feature is available in many text based Activities including Browse, FotoToon, Write. Look out for the “Speech lips” icon in the bottom of the Frame, or as a button in the toolbar of an Activity, as in Write.
+
+## GNOME
+In late 2009 OLPC added a more conventional desktop environment called GNOME to its operating system. This is intended for older children and advanced users.
+
+In late 2014 OLPC switched to MATE desktop, which is what GNOME was like before GNOME began some very serious changes.
+
+![GNOME View](assets/GNOMEView.jpg)
+
+Users can switch from Sugar to GNOME or MATE through the Switch Desktop option under My Settings.
+
+![Switching Operating Systems](assets/SwitchingOS.png)
+
+After selecting the Switch Desktop option another confirmation dialogue with additional information appears. The switch can be confirmed by clicking the Restart now button.
+
+![Switching To GNOME](assets/SwitchToGNOME.png)
+
+Switching back to Sugar can be done via the Switch to Sugar icon on the desktop or the Application - System Tools menu and confirming the corresponding message box.
+
+![Switching To Sugar](assets/SwitchToSugar.jpg)
+
+Further information about GNOME is available on the GNOME Web site and its extensive Help section. Additional information about how to transfer files from Sugar’s Journal to GNOME’s Documents folder can be found in the Journal section.
+
+## XS School Server
+The XO school Server, or XS, is one of the products of the OLPC project, designed to complement the XO laptop. The XS is installed on x86 (Intel-compatible) computers. These could be conventional servers such as rack-mounted computers, purpose-built low-power machines, or even netbooks.
+
+The OLPC XS provides additional infrastructure extending the capabilities of the laptops. While the laptops are self-sufficient for many learning activities, other activities and services depend on the XS providing connectivity, shared resources and services. The XS provides XO machines with network connectivity for backups, anti-theft leases, web browsing, system, content updates, and asynchronous collaboration tools such as Moodle.
+
+### Installation
+Two installation options are available:
+ * XS installation CD (recommended): download and burn a CD image, and use the resultant CD to install the system. See details [here](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XS_Installing_Software_0.7#Installing_from_CD).
+ * On top of another system (advanced): install the XS software packages on top of an existing operating system installation. See details [here](http://wiki.laptop.org/go/XS_Installing_Software_0.7#Installing_on_top_of_existing_OS_installation).
+The installation is fairly straight forward and requires minimal configuration after the initial installation to the XS hard drive.
+
+### Configuration
+Configuring the XS involves choosing a server domain name. The hostname is always ‘schoolserver’. So, using a domain name like example.org will give you schoolserver.example.org.
+
+The XS has a fairly standard server-style networking setup. The XS provides DHCP and DNS services to all the XOs connected to it via a wireless access point. However, if the school already has its own network running its own DHCP services, the XS networking can be modified to work with the existing infrastructure. The XS can work with two Ethernet cards, where one works as a WAN interface, while the other works as the LAN interface. The XS can also work with a single Ethernet card where it works as a LAN interface for schools without WAN (Internet) connectivity. Optionally, such a server can provide WAN connectivity using a USB-to-Ethernet adapter.
+
+### Services
+ * __Collaboration__ - The XS provides collaboration services across a variety of activities. When XOs are connected to the School Server, the collaboration is managed through the server and can be segmented by a classroom or a group. While the user will not see anything different, the capacity of collaboration will scale up considerably with a XS in the mix.
+ * __Caching__ - The XS uses Squid to cache content locally. At sites where Internet access is limited, slow or expensive, content caching helps in speeding up access to content by making copies on the XS and serving these up locally.
+ * __Backup And Restore__ - The XS provides seamless backup services for each registered XO. The XS checks to see the backup status of the Journal on each XO and backs it up incrementally. Once the backups are made, these can be used to restore a child’s work back on her XO.
+ * __Antitheft Controls__ - Antitheft controls lists all registered XOs in one location. additionally, this feature offers rescue leases to laptops to re-activate laptops in case of problems. If a laptop gets stolen, the antitheft control feature shuts it down.
+ * __Learning Management System__ - Moodle is a Learning Management System that provides the teacher with a way to create a course, manage assignments and administer assessment using a web-based interface. On the XO, the Moodle LMS is accessible via the Browse activity. Moodle features include assignment submission, discussion forums, file downloads, grade books, instant messages, calendars, news, announcements, quizzes and wiki.
+
+![Learning Management System](assets/LearningManagementSystem.jpg)
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