From 5fb12720359530f9a8d3f315f1f3707ecd6a39b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Yasmine Bassil <53958017+yasminebassil@users.noreply.github.com> Date: Tue, 26 Jan 2021 16:24:42 -0500 Subject: [PATCH] Update glossary with new terms Add definitions for the following terms: Academia, Attendee, Brainhack, Brainhack School, Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS), Community, COBIDAS, Hacking, Hackathon, Neurohackademy, OHBM, OHBM Aperture, TrainTrak, Unconference, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Edit definitions for the following terms: Audience, Author, Brainhack Global, Code of Conduct, Contributor, Curriculum, Documentation, FAIR Data, Repository, Workforce --- brainhack_book/glossary.md | 137 ++++++++++++++++++------------------- 1 file changed, 65 insertions(+), 72 deletions(-) diff --git a/brainhack_book/glossary.md b/brainhack_book/glossary.md index b5606ec0..56c0f190 100644 --- a/brainhack_book/glossary.md +++ b/brainhack_book/glossary.md @@ -1,27 +1,28 @@ # Brainhack Glossary + ## **A** --- ### Academia +The societal community of individuals and groups associated with education, research, scholarship, and learning, especially through university settings or research institutions. ### Across Field ### Accessibility - ### Ad-hoc ### Audience -The group addressed by communication (e.g., those in attendance of an Open Science training). The target audience is a group of individuals that will be addressed or affected by the training. +The group that is addressed by intentional communication (e.g., those in attendance of an Open Science training). The target audience is a group of individuals that will be addressed or affected by the activity, training, communication, or action. ### Author -Authors are considered as any active local or remote contributors to the project at the time of the project developed and finalised, who had a substantial contribution to the project, not only during the time of the project development taken place for a limited time of the Brainhack but until the project has been finalised or came to a stage to publish the results. - +All active contributors, local or remote, who have contributed significantly to any part of the overall project at any stage, including participating in initial project planning & development, to creating written documentation of global efforts, and finally to finalizing and publishing the results. ### Attendee +Any individual who attends or is present at the event, training, seminar, workshop, or activity (e.g., participant at Brainhack event, individual present at Brainhack workshop, etc.) ### Availability @@ -34,23 +35,24 @@ Authors are considered as any active local or remote contributors to the project ### Background ### Brainhack +A hackathon that brings researchers together from a variety of neuroscience subfields and diverse research backgrounds to share open science practices and encourage the transfer of knowledge across the community in a collaborative way. -### Brainhack Global -Brainhack Global (BHG) is an umbrella term for all the hacking events run all around the world and for the central organizing committee which coordinates and helps in the planning and organization of the local events all around the world. Brainhack Global is constituted by a volunteer team of researchers from a variety of research institutions. The team is in charge of designing the proceedings of Brainhack Global as well as maintaining the Brainhack Global materials, websites, and social accounts. Brainhack Global does not run a separate hacking event at any specific location or time but shares the information, materials, and broadcasts from all local event sites during the defined event period. - +### Brainhack Global (BHG) +An umbrella term that describes all hackathons and hacking events that fall under the international Brainhack initiative, allowing a central organizing committee to help coordinate, plan, and organize local Brainhack events all around the world. Brainhack Global is composed of a volunteer team of researchers from a variety of research institutions who lead global Brainhack efforts annually. This team is in charge of designing the proceedings of Brainhack Global, sharing information from Brainhack Global with individual local hackathon efforts, and maintaining the Brainhack Global materials, websites, and social accounts. Brainhack Global does not run a separate hacking event themselves at any specific location or time, but instead shares the information, materials, and broadcasts from all local event sites during the defined event period each year. ### Brainhack Organization - ### Brainhack Organization Committee ### Brainhack School +A bootcamp that helps individuals acquire and solidify the statistical and computational skills required to translate neuroimaging data into neuroscience knowledge. Generally, the Brainhack School consists of two weeks of active, open, and collaborative hands-on work on small-to-medium size projects. ### Brainstorming ### Bottom-up ### Brain Imaging Data Structure (BIDS) +A standard for organizing, annotating, and describing neuroimaging and behavioral data based on an agreed-upon, formalized structure for folders and files. @@ -58,86 +60,79 @@ Brainhack Global (BHG) is an umbrella term for all the hacking events run all ar --- ### Citation: -a well-established measure of research impact; recognition or validation of research by others (Hersh and Plume, 2016). +A well-established measure of research impact; recognition or validation of research by others (Hersh and Plume, 2016). ### Community +A group of people who share a common characteristic, goal, interest, ideal, or any group of individuals who occupy similar physical spaces. ### Community Building - ### Copyright -The aspect of Intellectual property that grants creators the right to permit (or not permit) the reproduction of their creations. It is distinct from trademark rights or moral rights. -Consent +The aspect of intellectual property that grants creators the right to permit (or not permit) the reproduction of their creations. It is distinct from trademark rights or moral rights. -### Code of Conduct -Guidelines that establish the kind of behaviour encouraged in the community, outline the process by which problems or violations of the guidelines will be addressed and who will be in charge of enforcing them. +### Consent +### Code of Conduct +Guidelines that establish the expected behavior of those in the community, outlining what is considered a violation of proper behavior, describing the process by which violations of the guidelines will be addressed, and stating who will be in charge of enforcing them. -### Creative Commons +### Creative Commons (CC) A suite of standardized licences that allow copyright holders to grant some rights to users by default. CC licences are widely used, simple to use, machine readable, and have been created by legal experts. There are a variety of CC licences, each of which use one or more clauses. Some licences are compatible with Open Access in the Budapest sense (CC0 or those carrying the BY, SA, and ND clauses), and some are not (carrying the NC clause). ### Cross-pollination - ### Collaboration - ### Community-driven - -### Community Building - ### Conventional ### Cross-pollination ### Code-oriented - ### Code readability - ### COBIDAS +An OHBM committee created in June 2014 to represent the “Committee on Best Practice in Data Analysis & Sharing” (COBIDAS). ### Contribution - ### Contributor -Everyone who has contributed something back to the project. +Any individual who has contributed something back to the overall project. This is defined as any planning, organizing, writing, editing, brainstorming, suggesting, or contributing time to the project in any form. - ### Curriculum -Curriculum refers to the lessons and other training content taught in a school or in a specific course or program within a defined structure. +A collection of educational materials, lesson plans, or any other academic or training content taught as part of an educational course or program with a defined structure. + ## **D** --- ### Data -Data in the sense used here are all digitally available objects (simple or complex) that emerge or are the result of the research process. +All digitally available objects (simple or complex) that emerge or are the result of the research process. ### Dataset - ### DataLad - ### Data Mining An analytic process designed to explore data in search of consistent patterns or systematic relationships between variables, transforming data into information for future use. ### Data Science -### Data Structuring Standarts +### Data Structuring Standards ### Decentralized ### Digital Object Identifier (DOI) -a unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content such as journal articles, data sets or open source software releases and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet (American Psychological Association, 2018). +A unique alphanumeric string assigned by a registration agency (the International DOI Foundation) to identify content such as journal articles, data sets or open source software releases and provide a persistent link to its location on the Internet (American Psychological Association, 2018). ### Diversity ### Documentation -Documentation is detailed information as well as background and methodological approach about the data or code (e.g., description of the project, variables, and measuring instruments). +Detailed information about the background and methodological approaches about data or code (e.g., description of the project, variables, and measuring instruments). + + ## **E** @@ -147,47 +142,47 @@ Documentation is detailed information as well as background and methodological a ### Educational Materials - ### Electroencephalography (EEG) ### Expertise ### Ethics / Research ethics -Research ethics are the moral principles that govern how researchers should carry out their work. These principles are used to shape research regulations agreed by groups such as university governing bodies, communities or governments. All researchers should follow any regulations that apply to their work. +The moral principles that govern how researchers should carry out their work. These principles are used to shape research regulations agreed by groups such as university governing bodies, communities or governments. All researchers should follow these regulations that apply to their work. + ## **F** --- ### FAIR Data -FAIR Data (according to FORCE11 principles and published in Nature Scientific Data) are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Re-usable, in order to facilitate knowledge discovery by assisting humans and machines in their discovery of, access to, integration and analysis of, task-appropriate scientific data and their associated algorithms and workflows. +Findable, accessible, interoperable, and re-usable (FAIR) data, which facilitates knowledge discovery by assisting humans and machines in their discovery of, access to, integration and analysis of, task-appropriate scientific data and their associated algorithms and workflows. This definition is according with FORCE11 principles published in Nature Scientific Data. ### Free ### Fully open ### Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) +A neuroscience method that indirectly measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow associated with brain activity through the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. ### Funding - ## **G** --- ### GDPR -(General Data Protection Regulation) seeks to create a harmonised data protection law framework across the EU. It aims to restitute the control of personal data to citizens, whilst imposing strict rules on those hosting and 'processing' these data, anywhere in the world. The Regulation also introduces rules relating to the free movement of personal data within and outside the EU. +General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) seeks to create a harmonised data protection law framework across the EU. It aims to restitute the control of personal data to citizens, whilst imposing strict rules on those hosting and 'processing' these data, anywhere in the world. The Regulation also introduces rules relating to the free movement of personal data within and outside the EU. ### Geographically unbounded - ### Github An online code hosting and version control service. It has a great many features to aid collaboration between users, and hosts a large number of open source projects. ### Gitlab -GitLab is a web-based DevOps lifecycle tool that provides a Git-repository manager providing wiki, issue-tracking and continuous integration and deployment pipeline features, using an open-source license, developed by GitLab Inc. +A web-based DevOps lifecycle tool that provides a Git-repository manager providing wiki, issue-tracking and continuous integration and deployment pipeline features, using an open-source license, developed by GitLab Inc. + ## **H** @@ -195,18 +190,23 @@ GitLab is a web-based DevOps lifecycle tool that provides a Git-repository manag --- ### Hacking +In this context, hacking does not refer to trying to break through the security of a computer system. Instead, it is understood as tinkering with a system to understand how it works, selecting a problem to learn how to solve it, or working with a process to gain knowledge on how to improve it. + +### Hackathon +The term hackathon is a portmanteau of “hacking” and “marathon”. Traditionally, it is an event where both individuals people and teams gather to collaboratively work on projects over the course of multiple days. These events often feature competitions between teams; however, Brainhacks do not have this feature and instead emphasize collaboration. ### Hands-on ### Hypothesis + + ## **I** --- ### Inclusivity - ### Informal ### INCF @@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ GitLab is a web-based DevOps lifecycle tool that provides a Git-repository manag A legal term that refers to creations of the mind. Examples of intellectual property include music, literature, paintings, sculpturing, video and other artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and phrases, symbols, and designs. + ## **J** --- @@ -232,6 +233,7 @@ A series of published research articles. Historically divided into volumes and i --- + ## **L** --- @@ -243,7 +245,8 @@ A series of published research articles. Historically divided into volumes and i ### Licence This is a legal document that sets out the permissions for creative and academic work. It explains copyright, ensures proper attribution and sets out how others can copy, distribute and make use of the works. -### Local event: +### Local event + ## **M** @@ -256,7 +259,6 @@ This is a legal document that sets out the permissions for creative and academic ### Maintainers Contributors who are responsible for driving the vision and managing the organizational aspects of the project. They may also be authors and/or owners of the project. - ### Mattermost Community Forum ### Metadata @@ -264,23 +266,22 @@ Metadata provides a basic description of the data, often including authorship, d ### Methodology - ### Model - ### Multidisciplinary -## **N** ---- +## **N** +--- ### Neuroimaging pipeline framework ### Neuroscientist ### Neurohackademy +Neurohackademy is a summer school in neuroimaging and data science, held at the University of Washington eScience Institute (https://neurohackademy.org/). ### Networking @@ -290,10 +291,11 @@ Metadata provides a basic description of the data, often including authorship, d --- - ### OHBM +The Organization for Human Brain Mapping (OHBM) is an international society dedicated to using neuroimaging to discover the organization of the human brain. The Society's main purpose is that of advancing the understanding of the anatomical and functional organization of the human brain, and promoting its medical and societal applications (https://www.humanbrainmapping.org/). ### OHBM Aperture +An open-access publishing platform publishing a broad range of research objects, such as research reports, reviews, tutorials, educational materials, computational notebooks, software, and data papers. ### Open Access Open Access refers to online, free of cost access to peer-reviewed scientific content with free reusability regarding copyright restrictions. @@ -306,23 +308,18 @@ Libre open access is gratis, meaning the research is available free of charge, b ### Open Brain Consent - ### Open Data Open Data is online, free of cost, accessible data that can be used, reused and distributed provided that the data source is attributed. - ### Open Evaluation The development of a fair evaluation system or protocol for research proposals, based on transparency of the process and those involved. - ### Open Lab Notebooks A concept of writing about research on a regular basis, such that research notes and data are accumulated and published online as soon as they are obtained. - ### Open license¶ A license is a document that specifies what can and cannot be done with a work. It grants permissions and states restrictions. Broadly speaking, an open license is one that grants permission to access, re-use and redistribute a work with few or no restrictions. - ### Open Materials Sharing of research materials, for example, biological and geological samples, is another Open Science practice. @@ -334,18 +331,14 @@ An umbrella term for a number of overlapping ways that peer review models can be ### Open source project¶ A project in which a significant amount of collaboration between the core or leadership team and the wider community takes place in the form of online interactions. Community interactions should maintain transparency and openness of the project to facilitate the growth of your community. - ### Open Science - movement which aims to improve the strength of scientific inferences and the effectiveness of scientific communication, by reducing QUESTIONABLE RESEARCH PRACTICES, and making greater use of practices such as REPLICATION and PRE-PRINTS - +A movement which aims to improve the strength of scientific inferences and the effectiveness of scientific communication, by reducing QUESTIONABLE RESEARCH PRACTICES, and making greater use of practices such as REPLICATION and PRE-PRINTS ### Open Science Framework - ### Open Source Availability of source code for a piece of software, along with an open source license permitting reuse, adaptation, and further distribution. - ### Organic ### Outcome @@ -383,6 +376,8 @@ Project ### Publishing Venue + + ## **R** --- @@ -395,13 +390,11 @@ A published report describing the hypotheses and planned method of a study, befo ### Repeated data inspection - ### Replication Replication the repetition of a study’s method, to corroborate its results. An exact replication -is a repetition using exactly the same procedures as the original stud. +is a repetition using exactly the same procedures as the original study. ### Repository - A long-lived place on the internet where resources (be they data, software, publications or anything else) can be stored and accessed. This keyword is often shortened to ‘repo’. ### Reproducibility @@ -410,13 +403,11 @@ The degree to which the same methods, results, and inferences of a study can be ### README file File where you document your research data. The documentation should be sufficient to enable other researchers to understand, replicate or reproduce the data or reuse them in any other way. - ### Reporting Bias Reporting bias occurs when certain aspects of a study are systematically not reported transparently, creating wastage and redundancy through selective reporting or non-publishing. ### Repository -Repository is defined as the infrastructure and corresponding service that allows for the persistent, efficient and sustainable storage of digital objects (such as documents, data and code). - +The infrastructure and corresponding service that allows for the persistent, efficient and sustainable storage of digital objects (such as documents, data and code). ### Reproducible Research Reproducibility is a spectrum and instructors should choose the definition most used by their audience. Generally speaking, reproducible research makes it possible to obtain similar results of a study or experiment and independent results obtained with the same methods but under different conditions (i.e., pertains to results). Some break the definition into levels of reproducibility, including computationally reproducible (also called "reproducible"): where code and data can be analyzed in a similar manner as in the original research to achieve the same results, and empirically reproducible (also called “replicable”): where an independent researcher can repeat a study using the same methods but creating new data. @@ -424,14 +415,13 @@ Reproducibility is a spectrum and instructors should choose the definition most ### Research Impact Involve academic, economic and societal aspects, or some combination of all three. Impact is the demonstrable contribution that research makes in shifting understanding and advancing scientific, method, theory and application across and within disciplines, and the broader role that this plays outside of the research system. - ### Research Funder An institute, corporation or government body that provides financial assistance for research. - ### Reuse + ## **S** --- @@ -447,15 +437,12 @@ The creation, transformation, dissemination, and preservation of knowledge relat ### Senior Researcher - ### Self-organizing - ### Scientific approach ### Scientific practice - ### Sharing The joint use of a resource or space. A fundamental aspect of collaborative research. As most research is digitally-authored & digitally-published, the resulting digital content is non-rivalrous and can be shared without any loss to the original creator. @@ -466,14 +453,12 @@ A form of business model whereby a fee is paid in order to gain access to a prod - ## **T** --- ### Tool - ### Trainee ### Trainer @@ -485,7 +470,8 @@ Training is any organised activity that teaches, informs, or transfers skills or ### Training Format A conventionally named, standardised delivery method that is applied by a trainer and includes any number of the pedagogical tools necessary (i.e. motivation/demotivation, hands-on approaches, etc). -### Traintrak +### TrainTrak +A series of educational talks or workshops that runs in parallel to the project tracks through which attendees collaboratively work on projects. The content of the TrainTrack can range from tutorials that teach hands-on skills needed for the projects in a Brainhack (e.g., like code version-control using Git) to software demos with much narrower applications. ### Traditional @@ -494,13 +480,17 @@ A conventionally named, standardised delivery method that is applied by a traine ### Transparency + ## **U** --- ### Unconference -Unconventional +A short session for participants to present their research, project work, or any other topics of current interest in an informal setting to other participants. The content of an unconference is usually decided very shortly before or during the Brainhack event itself, often inspired by ongoing within-team discussions that could be of interest to the larger group. + +### Unconventional + ## **V** @@ -513,6 +503,7 @@ Version control is the management of changes to documents, computer programs, la ### Version control system + ## **W** --- @@ -522,6 +513,7 @@ Version control is the management of changes to documents, computer programs, la ### Workflow ### Workforce +The labor pool of a given institution, company, state, or group. It can be formal or informal, but either way, its main function is to unite. @@ -530,6 +522,7 @@ Version control is the management of changes to documents, computer programs, la --- + ## **Z** ---