hhi_calculation.do

* This script uses the number of facilities to calculate competition in subcounties.
* The subcounty shape file was obtained from: doi.org/10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.12501455.V1
* The hospitals in 2015 was obtained from: https://open.africa/dataset/health-facilities-in-kenya
* The number of hospitals in 2020 was obtained from: https://open.africa/dataset/kenya-master-health-facility-list-2020


****
***Shp file to dta
****

cd //directory where the shape file is saved

shp2dta using SubCountyKenya.shp, data(subcounty) coord(subcountycoord) genid(subid) replace
clear


****
***Cleaning subcounty map data
****

use data/subcounty.dta

*** Making names lower case
ren SubCounty subcounty
ren all, lower
foreach var of varlist subcounty county {
	replace `var'=ustrlower(`var')
}


***Sort naming

*Baringo county
replace subcounty = "marigat" if subcounty == "baringo south" 
replace subcounty = "east pokot" if subcounty == "tiaty" 

*Garissa
replace subcounty = "garissa township" if subcounty == "dujis"

*Homa Bay
replace subcounty = "kabondo" if subcounty == "kabondo kasipul"
replace subcounty = "homa bay town" if subcounty == "homa bay"

*Kajiado
replace subcounty = "loitokitok" if subcounty == "kajiado south"

*Kericho
replace subcounty = "ainamoi" if subcounty == "kericho east" 
replace subcounty = "belgut" if subcounty == "kericho west" 
replace subcounty = "sigowet/soin" if subcounty == "sigowet" 
replace subcounty = "bureti" if subcounty == "buret"

*Kiambu
replace subcounty = "kiambu town" if subcounty == "kiambu" 

*Kitui
replace subcounty = "mwingi central" if subcounty == "mwingi east"

*Meru
replace subcounty = "imenti central" if subcounty == "central imenti" 
replace subcounty = "imenti north" if subcounty == "north imenti" 
replace subcounty = "imenti south" if subcounty == "south imenti" 

replace subcounty = "pokot north" if subcounty == "north pokot"
replace subcounty = "koibatek" if subcounty == "eldama ravine" 


save data/subcounty.dta, replace
clear


****
***Cleaning facility data
****

***2015 dataset
import excel data/ehealth-kenya-facilities-download-21102015.xls, firstrow


keep FacilityCode FacilityName Beds Cots County Division Constituency Location SubLocation
gen bedscots2015 = Beds + Cots
la var bedscots "Total facility beds and cots in 2015"
drop Beds Cots
duplicates drop //none actually exist
ren FacilityCode code
ren all, lower
ren constituency constituency2015
foreach var of varlist county facilityname division constituency2015 location sublocation {
	replace `var'=ustrlower(`var')
	replace `var' = rtrim(`var')
}

save data/facilitiesbeds2015.dta, replace
clear

***2020 dataset
import delimited ./01Raw/2020hospitalbeds.csv
keep code subcounty county constituency ward bedsandcots
duplicates drop
destring code,  force replace
ren all, lower
ren constituency constituency2020
ren bedsandcots bedscots2020
foreach var of varlist subcounty county constituency2020 ward {
	replace `var'=ustrlower(`var')
	replace `var' = rtrim(`var')
}
replace county = "murang'a" if county == "muranga"


save data/facilitiesbeds2020.dta, replace
clear


***Merge
merge m:1 code county using data/facilitiesbeds2015.dta
drop if bedscots2020 == .| bedscots2020 == 0 & bedscots2015 == . | bedscots2015 == 0


***sort subcounties
*Baringo
replace subcounty = "east pokot" if subcounty == "tiaty east" /*east pokot */
replace subcounty = "marigat" if division == "marigat" /*marigat*/

*Bomet
drop if facilityname == "njerian dispensary" /*too high*/
replace subcounty = "konoin" if constituency2015 == "konoin" /*konoin*/

*Bungoma
replace subcounty = "bumula" if constituency2015 == "bumula" /*bumula*/
replace subcounty = "kanduyi" if constituency2015 == "kanduyi" /*kanduyi*/
replace subcounty = "mt elgon" if subcounty == "cheptais"

*Busia
replace subcounty = "budalangi" if subcounty == "bunyala" /*bunyala*/
replace subcounty = "funyula" if subcounty == "samia" /*samia*/
replace subcounty = "butula" if constituency2015 == "butula" /*butula*/
replace subcounty = "matayos" if division == "matayos" /*matayos*/
replace subcounty = "nambale" if division == "nambale" /*nambale */

*Embu
replace subcounty = "mbeere north" if constituency2015 == "siakago"

*Garissa
replace subcounty = "garissa township" if constituency2020 == "garissa township" /*garissa */
replace subcounty = "ijara" if subcounty == "hulugho" /*hulugho */
replace subcounty = "dadaab" if division == "dadaab"

*Homabay
replace subcounty = "kabondo" if subcounty == "kabondo kasipul"
replace subcounty = "kasipul" if subcounty == "rachuonyo south"
replace subcounty = "suba" if subcounty == "suba south"
replace subcounty = "kasipul" if division == "kasipul"
replace subcounty = "mbita" if constituency2015 == "mbita"
replace subcounty = "rangwe" if division == "rangwe"

*Isiolo
replace subcounty = "isiolo" if division == "central" && county == "isiolo"

*Kajiado
replace division = "mashuru" if division == "mashuuru"
replace subcounty = "kajiado east" if division == "mashuru"
replace subcounty = "kajiado central" if location == "township" && county == "kajiado"
replace subcounty = "loitokitok" if constituency2015 == "kajiado south"
replace subcounty = "kajiado east" if sublocation == "ongata rongai"
replace subcounty = "kajiado east" if division == "isinya"
replace subcounty = "kajiado north" if division == "ongata rongai"

*Kakamega
replace subcounty = "butere" if constituency2015 == "butere"
replace subcounty = "ikolomani" if constituency2015 == "ikolomani"
replace subcounty = "lugari" if division == "lugari"
replace subcounty = "navakholo" if division == "navakholo"
replace subcounty = "lurambi" if location == "butsotso central"
replace subcounty = "matungu" if constituency2015 == "matungu"
replace subcounty = "mumias east" if division == "east wanga"
replace subcounty = "mumias west" if division == "south wanga"
replace subcounty = "shinyalu" if constituency2015 == "shinyalu"

*Kericho
replace subcounty = "kipkelion east" if location == "chepkongony" | sublocation == "chesinende" 

*Kiambu
replace subcounty = "gatundu north" if constituency2015 == "gatundu north"
replace subcounty = "gatundu south" if constituency2015 == "gatundu south"
replace subcounty = "juja" if location == "toll"| location == "kibichiku"
replace subcounty = "ruiru" if location == "githurai" && county == "kiambu"
replace subcounty = "kikuyu" if location == "kikuyu"
replace subcounty = "kiambu town" if code == 19655/*st marks hospital */
replace subcounty = "limuru" if constituency2015 == "limuru"

*Kilifi
replace subcounty = "kilifi" if constituency2015 == "bahari"
replace subcounty = "kilifi" if subcounty == "kilifi north" | subcounty == "kilifi south"
replace subcounty = "magarini" if division == "magarini"
replace subcounty = "malindi" if sublocation == "shella"

*Kirinyaga 
replace subcounty = "kirinyaga central" if constituency2015 == "kerugoya/kutus"
replace subcounty = "gichugu" if subcounty == "kirinyaga east" /*gichugu*/
replace subcounty = "mwea" if subcounty == "kirinyaga north/mwea west" | subcounty == "kirinyaga south" /*mwea*/
replace subcounty = "ndia" if subcounty == "kirinyaga west" /*ndia*/

*Kisii
replace subcounty = "bobasi" if constituency2015 == "bobasi"
replace subcounty = "kitutu chache south" if constituency2015 == "kitutu chache"

*Kisumu
replace subcounty = "kisumu central" if location == "manyatta b"

*Kwale
replace subcounty = "msambweni" if division == "diani"

*Laikipia
replace subcounty = "laikipia east" if division == "central" && county == "laikipia"
replace subcounty = "laikipia west" if division == "sipili" | location == "mutara"

*Lamu
replace subcounty = "matungulu" if division == "kyanzavi"

*Machakos
replace subcounty = "machakos town" if subcounty == "machakos" | subcounty == "kalama" /*machakos */
replace subcounty = "maara" if subcounty == "muthambi" | subcounty == "mwimbi"
replace subcounty = "kathiani" if division == "kathiani"
replace subcounty = "mavoko" if subcounty == "athi river" | division == "mlolongo" | division == "athi river" | division == "mavoko" | location == "katani" 
replace subcounty = "machakos town" if constituency2015 == "machakos town"
replace subcounty = "masinga" if constituency2015 == "masinga"
replace subcounty = "mwala" if constituency2015 == "mwala"

*Makueni
replace subcounty = "kaiti" if constituency2015 == "kaiti"
replace subcounty = "kibwezi west" if division == "mulala" | division == "makindu"
replace subcounty = "kibwezi east" if division == "mtito andei"
replace subcounty = "makueni" if division == "kathonzweni"
replace subcounty = "mbooni" if constituency2015 == "mbooni"

*Mandera
replace subcounty = "lafey" if location == "bulla mpya"
replace subcounty = "mandera east" if division == "central" && county == "mandera"
replace subcounty = "laisamis" if constituency2015 == "laisamis"

*Meru
replace subcounty = "meru south" if subcounty == "chuka" | subcounty == "igambangombe"
replace subcounty = "igembe north" if division == "mutuati"
replace subcounty = "buuri" if division == "buuri"

*Migori
replace subcounty = "kuria east" if division == "kegonga"
replace subcounty = "kuria east" if division == "ntimaru"
replace subcounty = "suna west" if location == "suna ragana" | location == "suna south" | location == "suna wasimbete"
replace subcounty = "suna east" if location == "suna central" | location == "suna rabuor"
replace subcounty = "nyatike" if constituency2015 == "nyatike"
replace subcounty = "awendo" if division == "awendo"
replace subcounty = "uriri" if division == "uriri"

*Mombasa
replace subcounty = "jomvu" if location == "jomvu"
replace subcounty = "kisauni" if location == "bamburi"
replace subcounty = "kisauni" if code == 11434/*jocham */
replace subcounty = "mvita" if constituency2015 == "mvita"

*Murang'a
replace county = "murang'a" if constituency2015 == "gatanga"
replace subcounty = "gatanga" if constituency2015 == "gatanga"
replace subcounty  = "murang'a south" if subcounty == "muranga south"/*murang'a south */
replace subcounty = "kandara" if constituency2015 == "kandara"
replace subcounty = "kiharu" if constituency2015 == "kiharu"
replace subcounty = "kahuro" if division == "kahuro" /*kahuro */
replace subcounty = "kahuro" if ward == "wangu" /*wangu*/

*Nairobi
replace subcounty = "dagoretti north" if sublocation == "gatina"
replace subcounty = "dagoretti south" if sublocation == "kawangware" | code == 13212 | location == "riruta" /*st judes health centre" */
replace subcounty = "embakasi central" if constituency2015 == "embakasi central"
replace subcounty = "embakasi east" if division == "embakasi east" | location == "utawala" | sublocation == "embakasi village" | code == 19455 /*communal oriented services intl*/
replace subcounty = "embakasi east" if location == "embakasi" && sublocation == "embakasi"
replace subcounty = "embakasi south" if location == "mukuru"
replace sublocation = "mukuru kwa njenga" if sublocation == "mukuru kwa njega"
replace location = "mukuru kwa njenga" if location == "mukuru kwanjega"
replace subcounty = "embakasi south" if sublocation == "mukuru kwa njenga"
replace subcounty = "embakasi east" if location == "savannah" | sublocation == "savannah" | sublocation == "tassia"
replace subcounty = "embakasi west" if division == "umoja" && location == "umoja" && constituency2015 == "embakasi west"
replace subcounty = "langata" if constituency2020 == "langata"
replace subcounty = "kamukunji" if constituency2015 == "kamukunji"
replace subcounty = "kasarani" if sublocation == "dandora  41"
replace subcounty = "kibra" if code == 21083 /*kibera ubuntu afya medical centre */
replace subcounty = "makadara" if location == "viwandani"
replace subcounty = "mathare" if constituency2015 == "mathare"
replace subcounty = "roysambu" if location == "githurai" && county == "nairobi"
replace subcounty = "ruaraka" if division == "ruaraka"
replace subcounty = "starehe" if division == "ngara"
replace subcounty = "westlands" if constituency2015 == "westlands"

*Nakuru
replace subcounty = "bahati" if subcounty == "nakuru north"
replace subcounty = "nakuru town east" if subcounty == "nakuru east" /*nakuru east */
replace subcounty = "nakuru town west" if subcounty == "nakuru west" /*nakuru west */
replace division = "elementaita" if division == "elementeita"
replace subcounty = "gilgil" if division == "elementaita"
replace subcounty = "naivasha" if sublocation == "olkaria"
replace subcounty = "naivasha" if location == "naivasha east"
replace subcounty = "nakuru town east" if location == "lanet"
replace subcounty = "nakuru town west" if location == "kaptembwo"
replace subcounty = "bahati" if division == "kiamaina"
replace subcounty = "subukia" if division == "subukia"

*Narok
replace subcounty = "emurua dikirr" if subcounty == "transmara east" /*transmara east */
replace subcounty = "kilgoris" if subcounty == "transmara west" /*transmara west*/
replace subcounty = "kilgoris" if division == "kilgoris" | division == "angata"
replace subcounty = "narok east" if location == "suswa" | location == "enoosupukia"


*Nyamira
replace subcounty = "masaba north" if division == "rigoma" && constituency2015 == "kitutu masaba"
replace subcounty = "masaba north" if division == "gesima"
replace location = "magombo" if location == "mogombo"
replace subcounty = "manga" if location == "magombo" | division == "kemera"
replace subcounty = "borabu" if division == "nyansiongo"
replace subcounty = "nyamira north" if code == 20290 | code == 20293 /*nyabonge, kemuchungu */
replace subcounty = "nyamira" if constituency2015 == "west mugirango"
replace subcounty = "manga" if constituency2015 == "west mugirango" && constituency2020 == "kitutu masaba"

*Nyandarua
replace subcounty = "ol kalou" if subcounty == "olkalou" /*ol kalou */
replace subcounty = "ol jorok" if subcounty == "oljoroorok"/*ol jorok */
replace subcounty = "kinangop" if constituency2015 == "kinangop"

*Nyeri
replace subcounty = "nyeri town" if subcounty == "nyeri central"
replace subcounty = "othaya" if subcounty == "nyeri south"

*Samburu
replace subcounty = "samburu east" if constituency2015 == "samburu east"

*Siaya
replace subcounty = "bondo" if division == "nyang'oma" | division == "usigu"
replace sublocation = "bar kowino" if sublocation == "barkowino" 
replace subcounty = "bondo" if sublocation == "bar kowino"
replace subcounty = "ugunja" if code == 18093 /*our lady of perpetual sisters vct */

*Taita Taveta
replace subcounty = "mwatate" if constituency2015 == "mwatate"

*Trans Nzoia
replace subcounty = "kiminini" if constituency2015 == "saboti" && sublocation == "milimani"

*Turkana
replace subcounty = "turkana north" if subcounty == "kibish"
replace subcounty = "turkana central" if constituency2015 == "turkana central"

*Uasin Gishu
replace subcounty = "moiben" if division == "moiben"
replace subcounty = "turbo" if location == "kibulgeng"
replace subcounty = "kesses" if sublocation == "pioneer"

*Vihiga
replace subcounty = "emuhaya" if division == "elukongo" | location == "central bunyore"
replace subcounty = "luanda" if code == 16451 /*makutano medical clinic */
replace subcounty = "hamisi" if constituency2015 == "hamisi"

*Wajir
replace subcounty = "wajir east" if division == "central" && county == "wajir"


drop constituency* ward division location sublocation merge

save data/mergedfacilities.dta, replace
clear

****
***Calculating Herfindahl-Hirchsmann Index
****

use .data/mergedfacilities.dta

//drop if missing(bedscots2015)
sort subcounty
by subcounty: egen sumbeds2015 = total(bedscots2015)
la var sumbeds2015 "sum of beds in subcounty in 2015"
gen facilityhhi2015 = ((bedscots2015/sumbeds2015)^ 2) 
la var facilityhhi2015 "market share of facility in 2015"
by subcounty: egen sumhhi2015 = total(facilityhhi2015)
la var sumhhi2015 "hhi of subcounty in 2015"
//replace concentration2015 = . if subcounty == "mathioya" /*mathioya has no beds or cots */

by subcounty: egen sumbeds2020 = total(bedscots2020)
la var sumbeds2020 "sum of beds in subcounty in 2020"
gen facilityhhi2020 = ((bedscots2020/sumbeds2020)^ 2) 
la var facilityhhi2020 "market share of facility in 2020"
by subcounty: egen sumhhi2020 = total(facilityhhi2020)


save data/hhi.dta, replace
clear


****
*** Calculating subcounty HHI
****

use .data/hhi.dta

by subcounty, sort: keep if n == 1
drop code facilityname bedscots* facilityhhi*
foreach var of varlist subcountyhhi*{
	replace `var' = . if `var' == 0
}

*HHI of county
sort county
by county: egen countybeds2015 = total(sumbeds2015)
la var countybeds2015 "sum of beds in county in 2015"
gen subcountyms2015 = ((sumbeds2015/countybeds2015)^ 2) 
la var subcountyms2015 "market share of subcounty in county in 2015 squared"
by county: egen countyhhi2015 = total(subcountyms2015)
la var countyhhi2015 "hhi of county in 2015"
by county: egen countybeds2020 = total(sumbeds2020)
la var countybeds2020 "sum of beds in county in 2020"
gen subcountyms2020 = ((sumbeds2020/countybeds2020)^ 2) 
la var subcountyms2020 "market share of subcounty in county in 2020 squared"
by county: egen countyhhi2020 = total(subcountyms2020)
la var countyhhi2020 "hhi of county in 2020"


*Location quotient
gen lq2015 = subcountyhhi2015/countyhhi2015
la var lq2015 "location quotient in 2015"
gen lq2020 = subcountyhhi2020/countyhhi2020
la var lq2020 "location quotient in 2020"


*Concentration
gen concentration2015 = cond(lq2015 < 1, 1, 0, .)
la var concentration2015 "treatment effect"
label define conclbl 1 "competitive" 0 "concentrated"
label values concentration2015 conclbl
gen concentration2020 = cond(lq2020 < 1, 1, 0, .)
la var concentration2020 "concentration in 2020"
label values concentration2020 conclbl

save ./03temp/subcountylq.dta, replace



****
***Subcounty mapped to hhi
****


use .data/subcounty.dta
 

*Merge with  database
merge 1:m subcounty using .data/subcountyhhi.dta
drop merge
la var subid "subcounty id"
replace sumhhi2015 = 0 if subcounty == "mathioya"
replace sumhhi2020 = 0 if subcounty == "mathioya"
replace concentration2015 = 0 if subcounty == "mathioya"
replace concentration2020 = 0 if subcounty == "mathioya"

save .data/subcountymap.dta, replace

*Drawing kdensity plot
//twoway kdensity sumhhi2015 || kdensity sumhhi2020, xline(0.25)

*Plotting Maps
spmap sumhhi2015 using data/subcountycoord, id(subid) clmethod(custom) clbreaks(0 0.25 1) fcolor(Reds) title ("HHI Index of subcounty") //map using 0.25 as cutoff
spmap lq2015 using .data/subcountycoord, id(subid) clnumber(10) fcolor(Blues2) legenda(off) title("location quotient of subcounties")