Please make sure you run ./setup.sh first.
To see some details:
./s/mediainfo /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4
To see full details:
./s/mediainfo --Details /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4
# I don't know why Details is not on man page
To see only the frame, slice types:
./s/mediainfo --Details /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 | grep slice_type
From mp4 to ts:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.ts
From mp4 to ts explicitly telling to copy audio and video codec:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:a copy -c:v copy /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.ts
From h264 to vp9:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v libvpx-vp9 -c:a libvorbis /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_vp9.webm
From h264 to h265:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v libx265 /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_h265.mp4
From h264 to h264 with I-frame at each second (for a 30FPS video):
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=30:min-keyint=30:no-scenecut=1 -c:a copy /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_h264_keyframe_each_second.mp4
Count how many I-slice (keyframes) were inserted:
./s/mediainfo --Details /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_h264_keyframe_each_second.mp4 | grep "slice_type I" | wc -l
To work with smaller videos you can split the whole video into segments and you can also merge then after.
# spliting into several likely 2s segments
./s/ffmpeg -fflags +genpts -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -map 0 -c copy -f segment -segment_format mp4 -segment_time 2 -segment_list video.ffcat -reset_timestamps 1 -v error chunk-%03d.mp4
# joining them
./s/ffmpeg -y -v error -i video.ffcat -map 0 -c copy output.mp4
From h264 to h264 with I-frame at each second (for a 30FPS video):
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=30:min-keyint=30:no-scenecut=1 -c:a copy /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_h264_keyframe_each_one_second.mp4
From h264 to h264 with I-frame at each two seconds (for a 30FPS video):
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=60:min-keyint=60:no-scenecut=1 -c:a copy /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_h264_keyframe_each_two_seconds.mp4
Generates a video with a single I frame and the rest are P frames.
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=300:min-keyint=300:no-scenecut=1:bframes=0 -c:a copy /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_single_I_rest_P.mp4
You can check if that's true:
./s/mediainfo --Details /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_single_I_rest_P.mp4 | grep "slice_type I" | wc -l
./s/mediainfo --Details /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_single_I_rest_P.mp4 | grep "slice_type P" | wc -l
./s/mediainfo --Details /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_single_I_rest_P.mp4 | grep "slice_type B" | wc -l
Generates a video with 0 B-frames.
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=30:min-keyint=30:no-scenecut=1:bframes=0 -c:a copy /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_zero_b_frames.mp4
Check if that's right and also compare the size.
./s/mediainfo --Details /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_zero_b_frames.mp4 | grep "slice_type B" | wc -l
ls -lah v/
Generates h264 using CAVLC (faster, less cpu intensive, less compression):
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=30:min-keyint=30:no-scenecut=1:no-cabac=1 -c:a copy /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_h264_keyframe_each_second_CAVLC.mp4
Generates h264 using CABAC ("slower", more cpu intensive, more compression):
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=30:min-keyint=30:no-scenecut=1:coder=1 -c:a copy /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_h264_keyframe_each_second_CABAC.mp4
CBR from 1928 kbps to 964 kbps:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -b:v 964K -minrate 964K -maxrate 964K -bufsize 2000K /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_transrating_964.mp4
Constrained VBR or ABR from 1928 kbps to max=3856 kbps ,min=964 kbps:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -minrate 964K -maxrate 3856K -bufsize 2000K /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_transrating_964_3856.mp4
From 1080p to 480p:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -vf scale=480:-1 /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_transsizing_480.mp4
Extracting audio from container:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -vn -c:a copy /files/v/small_bunny_audio.aac
Joining audio with video:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_audio.aac -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_muxed.mp4
It generates a video with color histogram as an overlay.
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -vf "split=2[a][b],[b]histogram,format=yuv420p[hh],[a][hh]overlay" /files/v/small_bunny_yuv_histogram.mp4
It generates a video with macro blocks debug over the video. Please refer to https://trac.ffmpeg.org/wiki/Debug/MacroblocksAndMotionVectors to understand the meaning of each block color.
./s/ffmpeg -debug vis_mb_type -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_vis_mb.mp4
It generates a video with motion vector over the video.
./s/ffmpeg -flags2 +export_mvs -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -vf codecview=mv=pf+bf+bb /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_vis_mv.mp4
Get images from 1s video:
./s/ffmpeg -y -i /files/v/bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -ss 00:01:24 -t 00:00:01 /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps_%3d.jpg
# from one image
./s/ffmpeg -loop 1 -i /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps_001.jpg -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -t 10 /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps_frame_001.mp4
# from multiple images (repeating 10s)
./s/ffmpeg -loop 1 -i /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps_%03d.jpg -c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p -t 10 /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps_from_images.mp4
It generates a single frame video which is great for learning and analysis.
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/i/minimal.png -pix_fmt yuv420p /files/v/minimal_yuv420.mp4
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/i/minimal.png /files/v/minimal_yuv444.mp4
# we can inspect h264 bitstream
./s/mediainfo --Details /files/v/minimal_yuv420.mp4 | less
It generates a video from a sequence of images.
# 2 simple images with white background
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/i/solid_background_ball_%d.png -pix_fmt yuv420p /files/v/solid_background_ball_yuv420.mp4
# 4 simple images with background
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/i/smw_background_ball_%d.png -pix_fmt yuv420p /files/v/smw_background_ball_yuv420.mp4
# 4 white images as a video (great to test predicitons)
for i in {1..4}; do cp i/solid_background.png i/solid_background_$i.png; done
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/i/solid_background_%d.png -pix_fmt yuv420p /files/v/solid_background_yuv420.mp4
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/i/minimal.png -pix_fmt yuv420p /files/v/minimal_yuv420.h264
# you can check the raw h264 bit stream
hexdump v/minimal_yuv420.h264
From original to 8kHz:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -ar 8000 /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_8khz.mp4
From original to 8 bits:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -sample_fmt:0:1 u8p /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_8bits.mp4 -y
Technically speaking, bit depth is only meaningful when applied to pure PCM devices. Non-PCM formats, such as lossy compression systems like MP3, have bit depths that are not defined in the same sense as PCM. In lossy audio compression, where bits are allocated to other types of information, the bits actually allocated to individual samples are allowed to fluctuate within the constraints imposed by the allocation algorithm.
HLS streaming:
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_h264_keyframe_each_second.mp4 -c:a copy -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=30:min-keyint=30:no-scenecut=1 -hls_playlist_type vod -hls_time 1 /files/v/playlist_keyframe_each_second.m3u8
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/small_bunny_1080p_30fps_h264_keyframe_each_second.mp4 \
-c:a copy -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=30:min-keyint=30:no-scenecut=1 \
-b:v 2500k -s 1280x720 -profile:v high -hls_time 1 -hls_playlist_type vod /files/v/720p2628kbs.m3u8 \
-c:a copy -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=30:min-keyint=30:no-scenecut=1 \
-b:v 1000k -s 854x480 -profile:v high -hls_time 1 -hls_playlist_type vod /files/v/480p1128kbs.m3u8 \
-c:a copy -c:v libx264 -x264-params keyint=30:min-keyint=30:no-scenecut=1 \
-b:v 200k -s 426x240 -profile:v high -hls_time 1 -hls_playlist_type vod /files/v/240p264kbs.m3u8
cat <<EOF > v/variant.m3u8
#EXTM3U
#EXT-X-VERSION:6
#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=2500000,CODECS="avc1.640028,mp4a.40.2",RESOLUTION=1280x720
720p2628kbs.m3u8
#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=1000000,CODECS="avc1.4d001f,mp4a.40.2",RESOLUTION=854x480
480p1128kbs.m3u8
#EXT-X-STREAM-INF:PROGRAM-ID=1,BANDWIDTH=200000,CODECS="avc1.42001f,mp4a.40.2",RESOLUTION=426x240
240p264kbs.m3u8
EOF
You can learn more about vmaf and general video quality perception.
# generating a 2 seconds example video
./s/ffmpeg -y -i /files/v/bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -ss 00:01:24 -t 00:00:02 /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4
# generate a transcoded video (600kbps vp9)
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v libvpx-vp9 -b:v 600K -c:a libvorbis /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps_vp9.webm
# extract the yuv (yuv420p) color space from them
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps.mp4 -c:v rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps.yuv
./s/ffmpeg -i /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps_vp9.webm -c:v rawvideo -pix_fmt yuv420p /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps_vp9.yuv
# run vmaf original h264 vs transcoded vp9
./s/vmaf run_vmaf yuv420p 1080 720 /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps.yuv /files/v/smallest_bunny_1080p_30fps_vp9.yuv --out-fmt json
There are some documentations, examples and tutorials: